In vitro bioactive analysis and antioxidant activity of two species of seaweeds from the Gulf of Mannar

Abstract

Evaluation of in vitro standard antioxidant assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS⁺) radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibitory (or thiobarbituric acid formation inhibitory activity) and ferrous ion (Fe⁺²) chelating activities of different solvent extracts of seaweeds, Jania rubens and Kappaphycus alvarezii collected from the Gulf of Mannar of the Peninsular India, were carried out. The methodology utilised bioactivity-guided extraction of seaweed with effective solvent comprised classical chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The ethyl acetate extraction of seaweeds displayed significantly greater antioxidant activity than dichloromethane and n-hexane extraction. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of seaweeds with potentially greater antioxidant activities, yielded 6α-methoxy-4bβ-methyl-7β-vinyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9-dodecahydro-2β-phenanthrenol (1) from J. rubens, whereas K. alvarezii yielded 2β-ethyl-9-oxo-5α-vinyl-1,2,5,5a,6,7,8,9-octahydroheptalene-10,1-carbolactone (2) and methyl-2-ethyl-9-oxo-5α-vinyl-1,2,5,5a,6,7,10,10a-octahydroheptalene-1α-carboxylate (3). Compound 1 displayed significantly greater DPPH scavenging activities (IC₅₀ 0.22 mg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC₅₀ 0.63 mg/mL). The order of DPPH radical-scavenging activities were compounds 1 > 2 > 3.

Keywords:

• Jania rubens
• Kappaphycus alvarezii
• substituted phenanthrenol
• heptalenecarboxylate
• heptalenecarbolactone
• antioxidant activity

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, for guidance and support. Thanks are due to the Head, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute for facilitating the research activity.