Classification of wine grape biotypes according to their variety and sanitary condition by fingerprinting untargeted analysis

Abstract

Grapes secondary metabolites content mainly depends on variety, but also on climate and cultural conditions, including sanitary status. This study aimed to use a metabolomic fingerprinting approach for grouping 72 wine grape biotypes, Negro amaro n. (N), Malvasia nera di Brindisi/Lecce n. (M), and Uva di Troia n. (U), on the basis of their cultivar and virological conditions. The skins were extracted and analysed by flow injection mass spectrometry; a one-way ANOVA/Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to efficiently cluster the samples, recognizing M from N and U biotypes. Conversely, the clusterisation of the biotypes affected by different virus complexes was really more tough and a clear distinction among infected plants was not always observed. However, very interestingly, by applying ANOVA/PCA to the biotypes of each varieties, singularly, healthy biotypes were sharply separated in all the varieties and a relationship between anthocyanin compounds and Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV3) slightly appeared.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Secondary metabolites
• FIA-MS
• grapevine virus complexes
• autochthonous wine grape
• PCA
• metabolomics

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policy under grant (MiPAAF - CIPE - Project VITIVIN_VALUT 2005-2010); the Italian Ministry of University and Research under grant (MiUR - PON “R&C”-2007-2013 – Project ONEV - cod.00134/2011).