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Articles

Self-referential order

, &
Pages 3983-3992 | Received 23 May 2013, Accepted 12 Aug 2013, Published online: 17 Sep 2013

Figures & data

Fig. 1 (colour online) In the absence of a pre-defined template reference structure, one can use a portion () of the structure to describe the whole structure . The knowledge about the portion can reduce the uncertainty about the rest of the structure . Kolmogorov complexity, here denoted with and , measure the information contained in and , respectivelly. For instance, in the case in which the rest of the structure is completely determined by the knowledge of the portion , we have . In this case, the conditional information about given , , is equal to zero.

Fig. 1 (colour online) In the absence of a pre-defined template reference structure, one can use a portion () of the structure to describe the whole structure . The knowledge about the portion can reduce the uncertainty about the rest of the structure . Kolmogorov complexity, here denoted with and , measure the information contained in and , respectivelly. For instance, in the case in which the rest of the structure is completely determined by the knowledge of the portion , we have . In this case, the conditional information about given , , is equal to zero.

Fig. 2 (colour online) Snapshots of the local self-referential order parameter . The local portion is a square of edge 5 disc diameters. The pictures are a heat map (blue low red high, color online) representing the relative values of for a portion centred in each given part of the packing. indicates the packing fraction of each sample. Colourmap is rescaled for each image.

Fig. 2 (colour online) Snapshots of the local self-referential order parameter . The local portion is a square of edge 5 disc diameters. The pictures are a heat map (blue low red high, color online) representing the relative values of for a portion centred in each given part of the packing. indicates the packing fraction of each sample. Colourmap is rescaled for each image.

Fig. 3 Global values of the self referential order parameter vs. packing fraction displayed in both linear and semi-logarithmic scale. Different curves ( symbols) correspond to different sizes of the local portion , which are squares, respectively, with edges equal to 3, 5 or 10 disk-diameters.

Fig. 3 Global values of the self referential order parameter vs. packing fraction displayed in both linear and semi-logarithmic scale. Different curves ( symbols) correspond to different sizes of the local portion , which are squares, respectively, with edges equal to 3, 5 or 10 disk-diameters.

Fig. 4 Average maximum local values of the self referential order parameter for each sample. The average is over the 10% largest . Different curves ( symbols) correspond to different sizes of the local portion , which are squares, respectively, with edges equal to 3, 5 or 10 disk-diameters.

Fig. 4 Average maximum local values of the self referential order parameter for each sample. The average is over the 10% largest . Different curves ( symbols) correspond to different sizes of the local portion , which are squares, respectively, with edges equal to 3, 5 or 10 disk-diameters.