Incorporation of carbon nanotubes in hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Figures & data

Figure 1. The device structure of (a) HTM&CNT, (b) HTM/CNT, and (c) energy level of P3HT (left) (Ye et al. 2016) and NiO_x (right)-based (Yin et al. 2017) PSCs.

Figure 2. FESEM top views of (a) perovskite film applied on a TiO₂ mesoporous layer, (b) NiO_x film on perovskite (c), and (d) P3HT film on perovskite (e) NiO_x&CNT layer on perovskite, (f) NiO_x/CNT layer on perovskite (g) P3HT&CNT layer on perovskite, (h) P3HT/CNT layer on perovskite. The scale bar corresponds to 500 nm. Cross-sectional FESEM image of the perovskite solar devices based on (i) NiO_x/CNT, and (j) P3HT&CNT (a)-(i) are secondary electron images, (j) is a backscattered electron image. The scale bar corresponds to 250 nm.

Figure 3. UV-Vis absorption spectra of (a) NiO_x-based and (b) P3HT-based HTMs deposited on FTO/C-TiO₂/Meso-TiO₂/Perovskite structure. Photoluminescence spectra of (c) NiO_x-based, and (d) P3HT-based devices on the glass/perovskite films.

Figure 4. Nyquist plots of the devices with (a) NiO_x/CNT and (b) P3HT&CNT HTMs for different applied bias, and (c) comparison between Nyquist plots of devices using NiO_x, P3HT, NiO_x/CNT and P3HT&CNT as HTM, under illumination at the biased voltage of 0.8 V (inset: the equivalent circuit model used for EIS analysis).

Figure 5. J-V curves of perovskite solar devices with different HTMs a) P3HT and b) NiO_x, after 8 days of fabrication kept at room temperature, 35-40% RH, and dark condition. and (c) comparison of photoconversion efficiency of NiO_x, P3HT, NiO_x /CNT and P3HT&CNT devices during 90 days.

Table 1. Photovoltaic parameters of the perovskite solar devices with different HTMs, 8 devices were used for each condition.

HTM		VOC (V)	Jsc (mA cm^−2)	FF%	PCE (record) %
P3HT	Record	0.98	17.94	60	10.66
	Average	0.98 ± 0.01	17.10 ± 0.36	60 ± 1	9.41 ± 0.68
P3HT&CNT	Record	0.99	19.36	67	12.44
	Average	0.97 ± 0.01	18.90 ± 42	61 ± 4	11.18 ± 0.85
P3HT/CNT	Record	0.99	19.54	60	11.00
	Average	0.99 ± 0.01	18.15 ± 0.96	60 ± 1	10.57 ± 0.39
NiOx	Record	0.98	16.19	60	9.62
	Average	0.98 ± 0.01	15.93 ± 0.22	60 ± 1	9.20 ± 0.42
NiOx&CNT	Record	0.98	18.28	60	10.86
	Average	9.98 ± 0.01	17.98 ± 0.14	59 ± 1	10.30 ± 0.49
NiOx/CNT	Record	0.99	19.40	57	11.00
	Average	0.97 ± 0.02	18.50 ± 0.52	59 ± 2	10.52 ± 0.31

Ye, J., X. Li, J. Zhao, X. Mei, and Q. Li. 2016. “Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Functional Graphene-Modified P3HT Hole-Transporting Layer.” RSC Advances 6 (43): 36356–36361. doi:10.1039/C6RA03466G.

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Yin, X., Z. Yao, Q. Luo, X. Dai, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhou, et al. 2017. “High Efficiency Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Solution-Processed NiOx Hole Contact.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9 (3): 2439–2448. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b13372.

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Data availability

Data is available on request from the authors.