Does inward remittance influence the choice of households’ cooking fuel?

Figures & data

Table 1. Main type of fuel used by Ghanaian households for cooking.

Fuel Type	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative percent
Wood	6,511	49.20	49.20
Charcoal	3,945	29.81	79.00
Gas	2,573	19.44	98.44
Electricity	30	0.23	98.67
Kerosene	9	0.07	98.74
Crop residue	134	1.01	99.75
Sawdust	2	0.02	99.77
Other	10	0.08	100.00

Source: Ghana Living Standard Survey [GLSS] (2017).

Table 2. Summary description of variables.

Variable	Symbol	Description	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.
Fuel choice	FC	The choice of fuel used by the household	0.14	0.349	0	1
Income remittance	IR	The amount of income remittance received	369.7	1,977	0	100000
Household wage	HW	The wage received by households	3,574	9,512	0	216000
Household size	HS	The size of the household	6.14	3.54	1	28
Location (rural)	LOC	The location of the household	0.636	0.48	0	1
Poverty (poor)	PS	The poverty status of the household	0.198	0.39	0	1

Notes: Author’s construction based on data from GLSS (2017), SD is standard deviation, min., and max. represents minimum and maximum, respectively; Income remittance and household wage measured in Ghana Cedis (GHS).

Table 3. Choice of cooking fuel by Ghanaian households.

Clean fuel	Frequency	Percent
No	50,501	85.82
Yes	8,345	14.18
Total	58,846	100.00

Source: Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS, 2017).

Table 4. Effect of income remittance on the choice of cooking fuel.

Clean fuel	Coefficients	Odds ratio	AME
Income remittance (ln)	0.267*** (0.029)	1.306*** (0.038)	0.00957
Household wage (ln)	0.989** (0.051)	2.689** (0.138)	n/a
Household size	−0.219** (0.014)	0.803** (1.011)	0.05
Location (rural)	−0.859*** (0.085)	0.423*** (0.036)	n/a
Poverty status (poor)	−2.804** (0.356)	0.061** (0.022)	n/a
_constant	−9.972* (0.500)	0.00467* (0.0023)	−0.378
Likelihood statistics
No. of observations	4,769	4,769	17,310
Wald chi2	737.75***	737.75***	262.49***
Pseudo R2	0.264	0.264	n/a

Notes: STATA output using data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS, 2017), robust standard errors are in parentheses; ***, **, and * represent 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels, respectively.