Updates on Sjögren’s syndrome: from proteomics to protein biomarkers

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disorder, typically affecting exocrine glands. Recently, a great interest has arisen in searching for novel biomarkers able to improve the diagnostic work-up of the disease as well as the general assessment and the prognostic stratification of pSS patients. From this perspective, salivary proteomics has appeared as a promising tool considering that salivary proteins may closely reflect the underlying disease processes in the salivary glands.

Areas covered: Here we will provide an update on the state of the art of proteomics in pSS, focusing in particular on putative novel biomarkers for the disease. There is a special focus on candidate salivary protein and their role in non-invasive diagnosis of pSS.

Expert commentary: Proteomics represents an emerging throughput omics-based approach for use in diagnosis of pSS. The studies that have been presented in this review have provided major contributions towards the identification of putative protein biomarkers, that once validated, could be able not only to contribute to a non-invasive diagnosis of pSS but also to the stratification of different disease subsets, ultimately allowing a better comprehension of the disease.

KEYWORDS:

• Sjögren’s syndrome
• salivary proteomics
• biomarkers

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded