Prevalence of autism within medium secure units: a feasibility study

ABSTRACT

Previous research has indicated that autism is over-represented among inpatients in forensic high secure hospitals in England. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of estimating the prevalence of autism without an intellectual disability in medium secure units (MSU). Male inpatients on three MSU wards were approached to participate in the study following ethical approval. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and consented were screened for autism using the AQ (Autism Quotient), and the EQ (Empathy Quotient). Out of a total of 46 patients on these wards, sixteen individuals were ineligible to participate. Of the remaining 30, 12 (40%) subsequently consented to participate. After ruling out an intellectual disability using the Schonell Graded Work Reading Test, these individuals were screened for autism using the AQ, and completed the EQ. None of those who participated scored above screening threshold for further diagnostic testing using the AQ. However, three inpatients (of the original 46 patients on these wards) were previously diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome suggesting a prevalence of 6.5% (95% CI 1.7-.18.9%). The results indicate that this group is over-represented within medium secure forensic psychiatric units and highlight the difficulties in undertaking research in this population.

KEYWORDS:

• Autism
• offender
• prevalence
• forensic
• medium secure unit

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

This study was supported by a grant from St Andrew’s Healthcare, the leading provider of secure specialist care for people with Autistic Spectrum Disorders.

Additional information

Funding

This study was sponsored by a small grant from St Andrews’ Healthcare, a leading provider of care for people with autism within forensic settings.