Namibian teachers’ practices in a multilingual context

Figures & data

Table 1. Research participants (interviews and questionnaire).

Research participants (interviews and questionnaire)
Interviews				Questionnaire
	Individual	Focus group	Total
Number of interviews	4	2	6	Junior Primary teachers	10
Participants school 1	1	3		Senior Primary teachers	27
Participants school 2	3	4
Total participants	4	7	11	Total participants	37

Table 2. Years in service.

Years in service
	Questionnaire	Interviews
Less than 3 yrs	4	0
3–5 yrs	4	2
6–10 yrs	7	5
11–15 yrs	4	1
16–20 yrs	3	1
Over 20 yrs	8	2
Not known	7	0
Total	37	11

Table 3. Language choice (interviews and questionnaire).

Strategies	Interviews	Questionnaire
	References	Often count / %	Sometimes count / %	Never count / %	N
I Language choice
1. Pedagogical use of other languages than English	5
1.1. Introducing a new topic in home language	0	1/4%	1/4%	22/92%	N = 24
1.2. Explaining core terms in home language	4	3/12%	7/27%	16/62%	N = 26
1.3. Allowing the use of home languages in group work	0	1/4%	9/33%	17/63%	N = 27
1.4. Accepting the use of other languages or mixing codes in class	1	3/12%	7/27%	16/62%	N = 26
1.5. Accepting the use of other languages in assessments	0	0	5 / 20%	20 / 80%	N = 25
2. Code switching
2.1. Relative to content teaching	5	4 / 15%	13 / 48%	10 / 37%	N = 27
2.2. Relative to classroom management	0
2.3. Outside the classroom	5
2.4. Not accepting the use of other languages than English	9

Table 4. Material scaffolding (interviews and questionnaire).

Strategies	Interviews	Questionnaire
	References	Often count / %	Sometimes count / %	Never count / %	N
II Material scaffolding
1. Textual support
1.1.Text editing	0	7/27%	10/38%	9/35%	N = 26
1.2. Handouts with some language learners will need	0	6/25%	7/29%	11/46%	N = 24
1.3. Use of vocabularies and other multilingual material	1	15/63%	5/21%	4/17%	N = 24
2. Visual support
2.1. Relative to content teaching	10	19/73%	6/23%	1/4%	N = 26
2.2. Instructions, model, correction	0

Table 5. Social strategies (interviews and questionnaire).

Strategies	Interviews	Questionnaire
	References	Often count / %	Sometimes count / %	Never count / %	N
III Social strategies
1. Affective strategies
1.1. Making learners' home languages visible in class	0	2 / 8%	2 / 8%	22 / 85%	N = 26
1.2. Using greetings, etc. in learners' home languages	0	3/11%	9/33%	15/56%	N = 27
2. Translation strategies
2.1. Peer assistance (peer translation, special role assignment)	7	6/25%	15/63%	3/13%	N = 24
2.2. Translation (using a third party to translate)	6

Table 6. Linguistic scaffolds (interviews and questionnaire).

Strategies	Interviews	Questionnaire
	References	Often count / %	Sometimes count / %	Never count / %	N
IV Linguistic scaffolds
1. Teacher helps learners correct their utterances by providing prompts	0	17/65%	9/35%	0	N = 26
2. Teacher reformulates learners' utterances	0	14/54%	8/31%	4/15%	N = 26
3. Practising pronunciation	0
4. Vocabulary teaching	1
5. Accepting non-standard language	0
6. Using simple language	1