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Acknowledgements
She thanks Barbara Biesecker for the opportunity to respond and Joshua Gunn, Philip Wander, Kathleen Feyh, Stephen Macek, Charles Morris, and numerous others who offered advice in crafting this response. Because of space considerations, extensive documentation and nuanced discussion of some arguments have been unfortunately curtailed here. Readers, please look at the more detailed and complete version at http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/∼dcloud/duelism.html.
Notes
1. Dana L. Cloud, “The Matrix and Critical Theory's Desertion of the Real,” Communication and Critical Cultural Studies 3 (2006): 329–54. Jennifer Daryl Slack, “Duel to the Death?” Communication and Critical Cultural Studies 4 (2007): 336–42.
2. See Barbara Biesecker, “Rhetorical Studies and the ‘New’ Psychoanalysis: What's the Real Problem? or Framing the Problem of the Real,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 84 (1998): 224. I appreciate Lacanian psychoanalysis as a dialectical system in which the radical encounter between two unlike dimensions of experience can propel shifts in consciousness.
3. There are many other ways to read the films on what may well be their own terms. See, for example, Kenneth Rufo's “The Mirror in The Matrix of Media Ecology,” Critical Studies in Media Communication 20 (2003): 117–40; Thomas Frentz and Janice Hocker Rushing's “‘Mother Isn't Quite Herself Today’: Myth and Spectacle in The Matrix,” Critical Studies in Media Communication 19 (2002): 64–86; and Jennifer Daryl Slack's “Everyday Matrix,” in Animations (of Deleuze and Guattari) (New York: Peter Lang, 2003), 9–29.
4. Her response may be a symptom of uneasiness with the intersection in the CCCS journal of rhetorical studies and cultural studies as a distinct practice with its own intellectual and institutional boundaries. See Thomas Rosteck, ed., At the Intersection: Cultural Studies and Rhetorical Studies (New York: Guilford, 1999). My project is aligned neither with structuralist Marxism nor cleanly with political economy.
5. See http://www.defendcriticalthinking.org/ and http://insidehighered.com/news/2007/10/09/islam (accessed 10 October 2007).
6. Jennifer Daryl Slack, “The Theory and Method of Articulation in Cultural Studies,” in David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen, ed., Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (London: Routledge, 1996), 112–30; Jennifer Daryl Slack and M. Medhi Semati, “Intellectual and Political Hygiene: The Sokal Affair,” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 14 (1997): 201–27.
7. Jennifer Daryl Slack and Laurie Ann Whitt, “Ethics and Cultural Studies,” in Lawrence Grossberg, Cary Nelson, and Paula Treichler, ed., Cultural Studies (New York: Routledge, 1992), 571, 584.
8. Georg Lukács, History and Class Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968), 169.
9. A Philippic is a fiery and mean-spirited rhetorical attack, following Demosthenes’ against Philip of Macedon, a translation of which can be found at http://www.greektexts.com/library/Demosthenes/The_First_Philippic/eng/index.html (accessed 17 October 2007).
10. For example, in his article “Rhetoric and Capitalism,” Ronald Walter Greene bases his argument about a need for new theories of agency on a brief citation of an argument made elsewhere by Jodi Dean. Philosophy and Rhetoric 37 (2004): 188.
11. Terry Eagleton, After Theory (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
12. See Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000); Multitude (New York: Penguin, 2004).
13. Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 2001).
14. Stuart Hall, “The Meaning of New Times,” in Morley and Chen, 223–37.
15. Louis, Althusser, “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses,” in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays (1971; New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001), 17–86; “Contradiction and Overdetermination,” http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1962/overdetermination.htm (accessed 10 October 2007).
16. Jennifer Daryl Slack, “The Theory and Method of Articulation in Cultural Studies,” in Morley and Chen, 112–30.
17. See Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, vol. 1 (New York: Vintage, 1990), 139–44.
18. See Biesecker; also Joshua Gunn, “Refitting Fantasy: Psychoanalysis, Subjectivity, and Talking to the Dead,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90 (2004): 1–23; Christian Lundberg, “The Royal Road Not Taken,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90 (2004): 495–500; Gunn, “On Dead Subjects: A Rejoinder to Lundberg,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90 (2004): 501–13.
19. Hardt and Negri, Multitude.
20. Linda Alcoff, Visible Identities (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
21. “A Leninist Gesture Today: Against the Populist Temptation,” in Sebastien Budgen, Stathis Kouvelakis, and Slavok Žižek, ed., Lenin Reloaded: Toward a Politics of Truth (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007), 91.
22. Nicole Colson, “Supreme Court Takes Aim at Abortion Rights,” Socialist Worker (27 April 2007), p. 3, http://www.socialistworker.org/2007-1/629/629_03_Abortion.shtml (accessed 4 October 2007).
23. V.I. Lenin, Imperialism, or, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916) http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/ (accessed 4 October 2007).
24. Harry Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the 20th Century (New York: Monthly Review, 1998).
25. Michele Barrett, The Politics of Truth (Cambridge: Polity, 1991); Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Free Press, 1992).
26. See Morley and Chen, 223–307, particularly Stuart Hall, “The Meaning of New Times,” 223–37; contra. John Clarke, New Times and Old Enemies (London: Harper-Collins, 1991), 155.
27. Greene, “Rhetoric and Capitalism,” 195.
28. Statistics from a Johns Hopkins study: http://www.jhsph.edu/publichealthnews/press_releases/2006/burnham_iraq_2006.html (accessed 2 January 2008).
29. Jared Bernstein and Lawrence Michel, “Economy's Gains Fail to Reach Most Workers’ Paychecks,” Economic Policy Institute, http://www.epi.org/content.cfm/bp195 (accessed 10 October 2007).
30. Greene, “Rhetoric and Capitalism,” 195.