The impact of self-efficacy, expectations, and readiness on hearing aid outcomes

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean, standard deviation (or median and interquartile range for skewed distributions), and range for the predictor and outcome measures.

Variable	Mean (or *median)	Standard deviation (or *interquartile range)	Range
Predictor measures
Self-efficacy (MARS-HA: 0–100%)
Aided listening	90.0*	76.1–98.1*	52–100
Basic handling	91.4*	77.1–91.4*	50–100
Adjustment	88.3*	70.0–88.3*	50–100
Advanced handling	87.0*	71.5–96.0*	10–100
Global score	89.6*	75.0–95.4*	52–100
Self-efficacy (LQ2: 0–10)	9.5*	8.0–10*	2–10
Expectations (ECHO: 1–7)
Positive effects	5.3	1.0	3.0–6.8
Service & costs	5.0	1.3	2.0–7.0
Negative features	4.1	1.1	1.7–6.0
Personal image	5.3	1.3	2.0–7.0
Global score	5.0	0.8	3.0–6.5
Readiness (LQ1: 0–10)	9.0*	6.8–10*	3–10
Outcome measures
Hearing aid benefit (GHABP: 0–100%)
Use	93.8*	77.3–95.3*	6–100
Benefit	75.0*	73.4–93.4*	0–100
Residual disability	0.0 *	0.0–9.4*	0–88
Satisfaction	81.3*	75.0–100.0*	6–100
Global score	85.7*	77.3–95.3*	10–100
Satisfaction (SADL: 1–7)
Positive effects	5.4	1.1	3.0–7.0
Service & costs	5.8	1.1	3.0–7.0
Negative features	5.1	1.1	3.0–6.7
Personal image	6.4	0.7	4.0–7.0
Global score	5.6	0.7	4.0–6.9
Hearing aid use (datalogging: hours)	5.9	4.2	0–14

MARS-HA = Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-efficacy for Hearing Aids, LQ = Line Question, ECHO = Expected Consequences of Hearing aid Ownership, SADL = Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life, GHABP = Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile.

Table 2. The results of the linear regression analysis with MARS-HA, ECHO and LQ1 and LQ2 as predictors, and SADL and GHABP as outcome measures.

	Satisfaction (SADL)					Hearing aid benefit (GHABP)
	Global	Positive effects	Service & costs	Negative features	Personal image	Global	Use	Benefit	Residual disability	Satisfaction
MARS-HA global score
R^2	–	–	0.17	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
β			0.41
p			0.026
Line LQ2 self-efficacy
R^2	0.15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
β	0.39
p	0.033
ECHO global
R^2	0.30	0.20	–	0.27	–	–	–	–	–	–
β	0.55	0.44		0.52
p	0.002	0.014		0.003
ECHO positive effects
R^2	0.43	0.50	–	0.23	–	0.24	–	0.27	0.19	0.22
β	0.66	0.71		0.48		0.52		0.52	−0.43	0.47
p	<0.001	<0.001		0.049		0.004		0.004	0.016	0.009
ECHO service and costs
R^2	–	–	0.13	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
β			0.39
p			0.032
ECHO positive image
R^2	–	–	–	–	0.19	–	–	–	–	–
β					0.43
p					0.017
Line LQ1 readiness
R^2	0.37	0.40	0.19	–	–	–	–	0.14	–	–
β	0.61	0.63	0.43					0.38
p	<0.001	<0.001	0.016					0.040

Abbreviations as Table 1. − = not significant.