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Original Articles

Cohort difference in the association between use of recreational firearms and hearing loss: findings from the HUNT study

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Pages 350-356 | Received 30 Sep 2021, Accepted 25 Feb 2022, Published online: 27 Mar 2022

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample description.

Figure 1. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, and sex. Regression coefficients are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for log10(lifetime number of shots) as a function of sex, adjusted for age, education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. The regression coefficients represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold for each increase in the number of lifetime shots by a factor of 10.

Figure 1. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, and sex. Regression coefficients are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for log10(lifetime number of shots) as a function of sex, adjusted for age, education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. The regression coefficients represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold for each increase in the number of lifetime shots by a factor of 10.

Figure 2. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, and age in men. Average marginal effects on the hearing threshold are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for log10(lifetime number of shots) as a function of age in men, adjusted for education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. Average marginal effects represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold for each increase in the number of lifetime shots by a factor of 10.

Figure 2. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, and age in men. Average marginal effects on the hearing threshold are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for log10(lifetime number of shots) as a function of age in men, adjusted for education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. Average marginal effects represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold for each increase in the number of lifetime shots by a factor of 10.

Figure 3. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, and cohort in men. Average marginal effects on the hearing threshold are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for exposure to recreational firearm use as a function of cohort in men, adjusted for age, education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. Average marginal effects represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold between exposed and non-exposed groups.

Figure 3. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, and cohort in men. Average marginal effects on the hearing threshold are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for exposure to recreational firearm use as a function of cohort in men, adjusted for age, education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. Average marginal effects represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold between exposed and non-exposed groups.

Figure 4. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, cohort, and age in men. Average marginal effects on the hearing threshold are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for exposure to recreational firearm use as a function of cohort and age in men, adjusted for sex, education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. Average marginal effects represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold between exposed and non-exposed groups.

Figure 4. Hearing thresholds, firearm use, cohort, and age in men. Average marginal effects on the hearing threshold are given in dB with 95% confidence intervals for exposure to recreational firearm use as a function of cohort and age in men, adjusted for sex, education, occupational noise exposure, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. Average marginal effects represent mean differences in the worst ear hearing threshold between exposed and non-exposed groups.
Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

Due to Norwegian legal restrictions and the current ethical approval for the study, data are not publicly available to share, but the research group can provide descriptive data in table form.