Development and validation of a paediatric version of the Khalfa Hyperacusis Questionnaire for children with and without autism

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic information provided by parents in phase 3: field testing.

Child’s diagnoses (N = 101)	f	%
ASD group (n = 64)
Autism	45	45
Asperger’s	11	11
PDD-NOS	8	8
Non-ASD group (n = 37)
No diagnosis	33	33
Diagnoses other than ASD (e.g. ADHD)	4	4
Child’s age	M	SD
Overall (N = 101)	8.90	3.09
ASD group (n = 64)	8.72	2.50
Non-ASD group (n = 37)	9.19	3.89
Child’s Race/Ethnicity (N = 101)	f	%
American Indian or Alaska Native	0	0
Asian/Pacific Islander	1	1
Hispanic/Latino	57	56
Black/African American	4	4
White	70	69
Prefer not to answer	2	2
Child’s Sex f(%)	Male	Female
Overall (n = 100)	53 (53%)	47 (47%)
ASD (n = 64)	44 (71%)	20 (32%)
Non-ASD (n = 36)	9 (26%)	27 (77%)

Table 2. Summary of the paediatric version of the hyperacusis questionnaire (P-HQ) items and therapist ratings of item relevance to ASD (1 = not relevant to 5 = essential).

P-HQ item number	Corresponding HQ Item Number	Item summary	Mean	Standard deviation
P-HQ 1	HQ 4	Concentrating in noise	4.55	.69
P-HQ 2	HQ 3	Reading in noise	4.00	.77
P-HQ 3	HQ 1	Using earplugs or earmuffs	4.64	.67
P-HQ 4	HQ 2	Ignoring everyday sounds	4.64	.67
P-HQ 5	HQ 7	Sensitive to street noise	4.45	.69
P-HQ 6	HQ 9	Thinking about noise before hand	4.55	.69
P-HQ 7	HQ 10	Turning down invitations	4.45	.82
P-HQ 8	HQ 8	Bothered by noise in social situations	4.64	.50
P-HQ 9	HQ 6	Poor tolerance noticed by others	3.91	.94
P-HQ 10	HQ 14	Sounds cause stress/irritation	4.64	.50
P-HQ 11	HQ 13	Difficulty concentrating at end of day	4.09	.70
P-HQ 12	HQ 12	Stress and fatigue impact concentration	4.18	.60

Table 3. Summary of item fit information, parameter estimates, results of DIF and standardised factor loadings from final measurement model.

P-HQ item number	Factor loadings	Item fit		Item parameter estimates			DIF
		Infit	Outfit	Location (${\delta }_i$)	Threshold (${\delta }_i+{\tau }_1$)	Threshold (${\delta }_i+{\tau }_2$)	Estimate	$p$
Item 1	0.830	0.737	0.813	−0.529	−0.777	−0.282	0.062	0.862
Item 2	0.800	0.842	1.025	−0.541	−0.788	−0.294	−0.233	0.591
Item 3	0.741	1.262	1.078	1.006	0.759	1.253	0.254	0.612
Item 4	0.895	0.628	0.535	−0.326	−0.573	−0.079	−0.600	0.167
Item 5	0.730	0.974	1.097	1.295	1.048	1.542	−0.237	0.612
Item 7	0.771	0.851	0.653	1.778	1.531	2.025	–	–
Item 8	0.835	0.816	0.861	−0.155	−0.403	0.092	1.310	0.009
Item 9	0.698	1.324	1.175	1.017	0.769	1.264	0.216	0.703
Item 10	0.907	0.675	0.610	−0.564	−0.811	−0.317	0.753	0.150
Item 11	0.773	1.114	1.005	0.141	−0.106	0.389	0.018	0.970
Item 12	0.768	1.062	0.977	−0.402	−0.649	−0.155	−0.815	0.050

Note. Category intersection parameters of RSM are ${\tau }_1\mathrm{ }=\mathrm{ }-0.247$ and ${\tau }_2\mathrm{ }=\mathrm{ }0.247.$

Figure 1. Distributions of total scores of P-HQ questionnaire for non-ASD and ASD groups.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [TBC], upon reasonable request.