1,444
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Attacked from two fronts: Interactive effects of anthropogenic and biotic disturbances generate complex movement patterns

, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 27-40 | Received 22 May 2019, Accepted 13 Nov 2019, Published online: 15 Jan 2020

Figures & data

Figure 1. This study was conducted in the Udtja reindeer herding community, northern Sweden. © Lantmäteriet, Sametinget (www.sametinget.se/8744). ArcGIS World Imagery basemap source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS user community

Figure 1. This study was conducted in the Udtja reindeer herding community, northern Sweden. © Lantmäteriet, Sametinget (www.sametinget.se/8744). ArcGIS World Imagery basemap source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS user community

Figure 2. Differences in the daily average Euclidean distance (in kilometers) between reindeer locations and the points of military activity (y-axes) in the absence or presence of military exercises (x-axes) in the Vidsel test range, Sweden, from 1 August to 10 September, 2010–2012. The occurrence of military exercises is noted as follows: 0 = absence; 1 = exercises performed at one activity point; 2 = exercises performed at two activity points; 3 = exercises performed at three activity points. (a) Military exercises performed with terrestrial vehicles and (b) military exercises performed with aircraft

Figure 2. Differences in the daily average Euclidean distance (in kilometers) between reindeer locations and the points of military activity (y-axes) in the absence or presence of military exercises (x-axes) in the Vidsel test range, Sweden, from 1 August to 10 September, 2010–2012. The occurrence of military exercises is noted as follows: 0 = absence; 1 = exercises performed at one activity point; 2 = exercises performed at two activity points; 3 = exercises performed at three activity points. (a) Military exercises performed with terrestrial vehicles and (b) military exercises performed with aircraft

Table 1. Effects of military exercises, insect harassment, and environmental and anthropogenic predictor variables on reindeer movement rates

Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

Download Zip (155.8 KB)