Applying the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions to rentier states: the case of renewable energy transitions in Nigeria

Figures & data

Figure 1. Integrated framework. Source: Author’s compilation.

Table 1. Similarities between existing MLP strategies and rentier strategies.

Stenzel and Frenzel (2008)	Smink et al. (2015)	Murphy et al. (1993) Commander (2012)
Defensive	Defensive institutional work	Defensive/Political capture of rent
Reactive	Information strategy/scientific research Communication	Discourse
Proactive	Standardization	Institutional/structural

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