Effect of rosuvastatin on plasma coenzyme Q10 in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by treatment group

	Rosuvastatin	Placebo
	(n = 72)	(n = 75)
Demographics and traditional CVD risk factors
Age, y	45 (41–51)	47 (39–53)
Male sex	81%	76%
African American race	69%	67%
Body mass index, kg/m^2	27 (23–30)	27 (23–30)
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	47 (38–58)	46 (37–57)
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	96 (76–107)	97 (77–121)
Current smoking	60%	67%
Framingham risk score, % 10-year risk	3 (1–7)	4 (1–7)
HIV parameters
HIV duration, y	11 (6–17)	12 (6–19)
Current CD4+ count, cells/uL	608 (440–948)	627 (398–853)
Nadir CD4+ count, cells/uL	173 (84–312)	190 (89–281)
Undetectable viral load, <50 copies/mL	78%	77%
Total ART duration, y	5.2 (3.1–9.9)	5.9 (3.3–9.6)
Current PI use	50%	48%
PI duration, y	3.9 (1.1–8.8)	3.3 (0.2–6.7)
Current AZT/D4T use	5.6%	5.3%
AZT/D4T duration, m	40.5 (5.5–82.3)	25.0 (0–64.5)
Subclinical vascular disease
Mean-mean CCA-IMT, um	664 (624, 772)	670 (602, 752)
Carotid distensibility, 10–6 × N – 1 × m^2	24 (19–32)	23 (19–30)
FMD, %	3.9 (2.1–6.2)	4.0 (2.0–6.0)
Hyperemic VTI (cm)	80 (60, 94)	76 (67, 95)

Note: Data presented as a median (interquartile range) or percentage. There were no statistically significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). PI = protease inhibitor; AZT = zidovudine; D4T = stavudine; TNF-α RII = tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors I/II; CCA-IMT = common carotid artery intima-media thickness; FMD = flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery; VTI, velocity time integral.

Table 2 Correlations of baseline CoQ10 and CoQ10/LDL with traditional risk factors, HIV parameters, markers of inflammation and immune activation, and subclinical vascular disease

	CoQ10			CoQ10/LDL
	Spearman r	p value		Spearman r	p value
Demographics and traditional CVD risk factors
Age	0.122	0.141		0.021	0.804
Male gender	−0.001	0.989		0.108	0.195
Caucasian race	−0.217	0.008*		−0.285	0.0005*
Body mass index	0.089	0.284		0.005	0.950
LDL	0.208	0.012*		−0.441	<0.0001*
HDL	0.468	0.445		0.092	0.270
Current smoker	−0.070	0.402		0.021	0.798
HIV parameters
HIV duration	0.204	0.013*		0.172	0.037*
Absolute CD4 count	−0.181	0.028*		−0.146	0.078
Nadir CD4 count	−0.059	0.477		−0.068	0.412
Viral load <50 copies/mL	0.159	0.055		0.189	0.022*
PI duration	0.108	0.247		0.104	0.265
AZT/D4T duration	−0.063	0.546		−0.052	0.621
Inflammation and immune activation
IL-6	−0.042	0.616		0.034	0.680
hsCRP	0.042	0.610		−0.007	0.937
TNF-α RI	−0.140	0.090		−0.105	0.207
TNF-α RII	0.013	0.872		0.077	0.353
Oxidized LDL	−0.141	0.093		−0.163	0.051
sCD163	0.085	0.306		0.123	0.138
sCD14	−0.038	0.648		0.032	0.700
CD8+DR+38+ T-cells	0.142	0.090		0.168	0.045*
CD4+DR+38+ T-cells	0.187	0.025*		0.161	0.054*
CD8+PD1+DR+38+ T-cells	0.133	0.113		0.196	0.019*
CD4+PD1+DR+38+ T-cells	0.195	0.020*		0.209	0.012*
CD14+CD16+ monocytes	−0.104	0.219		−0.059	0.488
CD14+CD16- monocytes	0.003	0.968		−0.028	0.739
CD14dimCD16+ monocytes	0.207	0.013*		0.178	0.034*
Subclinical vascular disease
Mean-mean CCA-IMT	−0.001	0.988		−0.071	0.394
Carotid distensibility	−0.276	0.0007*		−0.178	0.031*
FMD	0.063	0.446		−0.056	0.503
Hyperemic VTI	−0.006	0.942		−0.010	0.909

Note: PI = protease inhibitor; AZT = zidovudine; D4T = stavudine; TNF-α RII = tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors I/II; CCA-IMT = common carotid artery intima-media thickness; FMD = flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery; VTI, velocity time integral.

* p < 0.05.

Figure 1 Absolute change of (A) CoQ10 and (B) CoQ10/LDL ratio from baseline to 24 weeks. Values in figure represent median values, and error bars represent interquartile range