Exercise training reduces oxidative stress in people living with HIV/AIDS: a pilot study

Figures & data

Figure 1 HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants before and after training protocol

	Total		Aerobic		Resistance		Concurrent		p Value*	p Value#
Participants	8		3		3		2
Gender (W/M)	4/4		3/0		1/2		0/2
Age (years)	43 (35–56)		41 (35–56)		44 (41–48)		44 (42–47)
	Baseline	After	Baseline	After	Baseline	After	Baseline	After
Body mass (kg)	81 (52.7–90.5)	80.5 (51–88.6)	80 (53–82)	80 (51–81)	88.1 (52.7–90.5)	88.5 (55.1–88.5)	80.9 (74.9–87)	80.5 (75.7–84.4)	.71	.51
Height (cm)	166 (154–186)	166 (153–186)	163 (154–164)	163 (153–164)	177 (159.5–186)	177 (160–186)	170 (169–172)	170 (169–172)	.26	.26
TCD4^+ (cells/mm^3)	548 (372–835)	626 (550–772)	578 (444–715)	609 (550–625)	679 (519–835)	695 (627–772)	508 (508–509)	618 (571–6650	.29	.13
TCD8^+ (cells/mm^3)	1030 (726–2635)	953 (743–3624)	940 (748–1120)	877 (743–1397)	1238 (812–1767)	973 (860–2102)	2009 (726–3291)	2279 (934–3624)	.71	.48
HIV diagnostic – months	70 (14–211)		113 (68–152)		72 (59–211)		23 (14–33)		.13	—
HAART
NRTI + PI	2		1		1		—
NRTI + PI-r	4		2		—		2
NRTI + NNRTI	2		—		2		—
Use HAART time - months	62 (12–152)		113 (64–152)		60 (39–69)		22 (12–32)		.07	—

Clinical characteristics of participants before and after training protocol. Values are median (min – max). HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; NRTI: Nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; PI: Protease inhibitors; PI + r: Protease inhibitors + Ritonavir; NNRTI: Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the three groups at baseline* and after the training protocol # (p ≤ .05).

Figure 2 Effects of exercise training on oxidative stress. All subjects were considered on comparison. Diamonds represent the average values. Circle, square and triangle represent individual data before and after for aerobic, resistance and concurrent training, respectively. (A) log GSSG/GSH values and (B) log TBARS values before and after training protocol. A paired t-test was used to determine the differences between baseline and post-training values. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ .05.

Figure 3 VO_2peak values before and after training protocol. Diamonds represent the average values. Circles, squares and triangles represent individual data before and after for aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training, respectively. (A) All subjects were considered on comparison. (B) Leftmost part presents comparison between AT (aerobic training) plus CT (concurrent training) subjects whereas the rightmost partpresents comparison RT (resistance training) plus CT subjects. A paired t-test was used to determine the differences between baseline and post-training values. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ .05.