Biomonitoring of Detoxifying Activity as Measured by CYP1A1 Induction in Yangtze and Jialing Rivers in Chongqing City in China

Abstract

In order to determine the potential toxicities of organic pollutants in the river water of Chongqing City (China), chemicals were extracted from surface water of the Yangtze River and Jialing River between August 2004 and January 2005. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that the main compounds detected were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phthalate acid esters (PAE). The ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) test showed that the toxic equivalency (TEQ) values of the samples ranged from 0.9 to 13.3 × 10⁻⁴ pg 2,3,7,8-TCDD/L river water. Incubation of H4IIE cells with organic extracts produced a time-dependent induction of cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA expression as determined by (1) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), (2) positive binding to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and (3) activation of xenobiotic response element (XRE) by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Data indicated that organic extracts from the river water of Chongqing City induced CYP1A1 activity in hepatocytes in vitro. A possible mechanism underlying toxicity might involve the AhR signal pathway, but further studies are necessary.

We thank Professor Jun-Yan Hong (Department Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey) for kindly revising the article. This work was supported by the Key Natural Science Foundation of China (30630056), the Key Project of Chongqing (CSTC2006AA703), and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTC2007BB7005).