Effect of dispersed crude oil on the feeding activity, retention efficiency, and filtration rate of differently sized blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

ABSTRACT

The use of physiological response endpoints in environmental monitoring represents an opportunity to provide an integrated picture of health status and ecological fitness of individuals, and may provide an indication of potential longer term effects on aquatic organisms in the environment. The feeding behavior response sensitivity of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) of differing size to dispersed crude oil (DCO) was investigated in a lab exposure experiment. The ability of mussels to recover following a single exposure was also investigated, as well as the response to consecutive exposures, in order to assess the utility of employing the same individuals in chronic environmental monitoring. Feeding physiology was assessed by measuring retention efficiency and filtration rate of individual mussels in a live-algae feeding assay. In addition, the percentage of mussels actively filtering during testing was calculated. The feeding physiology parameters were sensitive and able to discriminate exposed mussels from controls. Further, data indicated that larger mussels appear more suitable in environmental monitoring, as these animals showed both sensitivity and an ability to adapt and recover from exposure while remaining sensitive to subsequent treatments. Smaller mussels were also sensitive to the measured endpoints, even if these animals suffered higher rates of mortality during the exposure. Finally, when exposed to the high concentration of DCO, mussels displayed a tendency to close the valves and terminate filtration.

Funding

The authors thank Bjørn Henrik Auestad at the University of Stavanger for his assistance with statistical analysis, and anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism of the article. This project was funded by the Regional Research Fund of Western Norway (grant 204086); the Norwegian Research Council (grant 215829); and BiotaTools AS, Statoil ASA, and ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS.

Additional information

Funding

The authors thank Bjørn Henrik Auestad at the University of Stavanger for his assistance with statistical analysis, and anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism of the article. This project was funded by the Regional Research Fund of Western Norway (grant 204086); the Norwegian Research Council (grant 215829); and BiotaTools AS, Statoil ASA, and ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS.