Air pollution and incident sarcoidosis in central Pennsylvania

Figures & data

TABLE 1. Summary Statistics on Characteristics of Cases and Controls, Air Pollution Measurements for 7–10 Years Prior, and Median Household Income. Cases and Controls Were Matched at a One-To-Many Ratio by Age Category, Biological Sex at Birth, Race Category, Month, and Year of Encounter at Penn State Hershey Medical Center

Characteristic		Cases (n = 877)		Controls (n = 34,510)
Age (years)
	Mean (SD)	50.2 (12.1)		53.4 (11.8)
	Min, max	18, 80		18, 80
Age Category (years), number (%)
	18–24	10 (1.1)		405 (1.2)
	25–29	31 (3.5)		837 (2.4)
	30–34	53 (6.0)		1318 (3.8)
	35–39	85 (9.7)		1717 (5.0)
	40–44	108 (12.3)		2729 (7.9)
	45–49	124 (14.1)		4418 (12.8)
	50–54	141 (16.1)		6151 (17.8)
	55–59	132 (15.1)		6554 (19.0)
	60–64	82 (9.4)		4381 (12.7)
	65–69	60 (6.8)		3586 (10.4)
	70–74	29 (3.3)		1557 (4.5)
	75–80	22 (2.5)		857 (2.5)
Race or Ethnicity, number (%)
	White	680 (77.5)		33,823 (98.0)
	Black/African American	156 (17.8)		559 (1.6)
	Asian/Pacific Islander	3 (0.3)		8 (0.02)
	Other Race	23 (2.6)		93 (0.3)
	Two or More races	11 (1.3)		21 (0.1)
	Unavailable	4 (0.5)		6 (0.02)
Biological sex at birth, number (%)
	Male	532 (60.7)		21,425 (62.1)
	Female	345 (39.3)		13,085 (37.9)
Air pollutants		Moving average 7–10 years prior, mean (SD)
	PM2.5* (μg/m^3), IQR = 3.3	13.3 (2.0)			12.9 (2.2)
	O3** (ppb), IQR = 1.6	39.1 (1.6)			39.2 (1.4)
	EC^+ (ng/m^3), IQR = 398.3	858.3 (277.1)			811.8 (255.7)
Socioeconomic position, mean (SD)
	Median household income^++ (USD)		$62,084 (18,454)		$64,392 (18,132)

*PM_2.5 is particulate matter <2.5 μm.

**O₃ is ozone.

EC is PM_2.5 elemental carbon.

⁺⁺US Census tract-level data from the 2017 American Communities Survey.

FIGURE 1. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between incident sarcoidosis and air pollutants particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM_2.5), ozone (O₃), and PM_2.5 elemental carbon (EC) for all moving average periods examined.