Effects of a Baby Carrier Intervention on Fathers’ Sensitivity, Involvement, and Hormonal Levels: Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Study

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT flow diagram.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

	Pretest		Posttest		Follow-up
Measure	M (SD)	N	M (SD)	N	M (SD)	N
Baby carrier condition
Sensitivity	5.02 (1.48)	41	4.74 (1.38)	37	4.13 (1.58)	38
Basal oxytocin levels	50.07 (10.20)	39	45.37 (7.85)	39	47.22 (8.05)	36
Basal cortisol levels	115.98 (71.64)	40	121.96 (79.12)	39	196.71 (81.11)	37
Oxytocin reactivity levels	−0.01 (0.29)	41	0.06 (0.27)	40	−0.01 (0.15)	39
Cortisol reactivity levels	−0.08 (0.53)	40	−0.02 (0.51)	40	−0.24 (1.02)	39
Involvement (application)	0.13 (0.82)	37	0.11 (1.03)	38	−0.04 (0.78)	29
Involvement (self-reported)	5.99 (2.89)	37	5.33 (1.87)	34	5.78 (1.71)	36
Baby seat condition
Sensitivity	5.18 (1.29)	38	5.14 (1.24)	33	4.63 (1.34)	33
Basal oxytocin levels	50.67 (9.84)	35	47.64 (6.93)	30	46.13 (5.23)	34
Basal cortisol levels	111.92 (76.50)	35	131.94 (88.74)	30	183.78 (85.86)	33
Oxytocin reactivity levels	0.01 (0.36)	38	−0.07 (0.17)	34	0.01 (0.18)	34
Cortisol reactivity levels	0.05 (0.94)	38	−0.05 (0.57)	34	0.22 (1.63)	34
Involvement (application)	−0.11 (1.08)	33	−0.13 (0.96)	33	0.12 (1.01)	26
Involvement (self-reported)	4.65 (1.87)	31	5.27 (2.49)	29	5.71 (1.85)	31

Figure 2. Development of (a) sensitivity, (b) involvement, (c) oxytocin levels, and (d) cortisol levels over time, for the baby carrier and baby seat groups. Error bars display standard errors.