National disidentification and minority identity: A study among Muslims in Western Europe

Figures & data

Figure 1. Structural model with unstandardized effects and standard errors between brackets: only significant paths are represented.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the different constructs.

	Range	Mean	SD
National disidentification	1–7	3.94	1.27
National identification	1–7	3.62	1.41
Perceived discrimination	1–7	4.52	1.47
Self-centrality	1–7	4.31	1.82
Fundamentalist beliefs	1–7	4.87	1.67
Belonging to the Ummah	1–7	3.89	1.90
Behavioral involvement	1–5	3.18	1.27

Table 2. Full structural model predicting national disidentification and national identification.

	B (S.E.)	95% CI
National disidentification
Perceived discrimination	.086 (.050)	−.011, .185
Self-centrality	−.021 (.051)	−.120, .080
Fundamentalist beliefs	.194 (.053)***	.089, .297
Belonging to the Ummah	.099 (.041)*	.021, .181
Behavioral involvement	.081 (.056)	−.034, .190
National identification
Perceived discrimination	.072 (.061)	−.047, .189
Self-centrality	−.134 (.061)*	−.256, −.017
Fundamentalist beliefs	−.069 (.059)	−.182, .049
Belonging to the Ummah	.029 (.049)	−.072. .120
Behavioral involvement	−.086 (.068)	−.222, .045
Fundamentalist beliefs
Perceived discrimination	.153 (.059)**	.042, .270
Self-centrality	.505 (.043)***	.419, .586
Belonging to the Ummah
Perceived discrimination	.189 (.053)***	.089, .297
Self-centrality	.582 (.041)***	.499, .661
Behavioral involvement
Perceived discrimination	.033 (.040)	−.044, .112
Self-centrality	.412 (.041)***	.354, .467

Note: Controls not shown.

^* p < .05

^** p < .01

^*** p < .001.