The Temporal Relationship Between Coping Self-Efficacy and Dissociation in Undergraduate Students

ABSTRACT

Dissociation is a lack of information integration resulting from a process that ranges on a continuum from normative experiences (e.g., daydreaming) to a pervasive traumatic response involving alterations and/or fragmentation in mental processes such as memory, emotion, and perception. Perceived coping self-efficacy (CSE) is a cognitive appraisal ability utilized to regulate internal and external stressors that arise from traumatic events, and is crucial for effective adaptation after extreme stress or trauma. Thus, CSE may be a critical component in decreasing dissociative experiences following a traumatic event. In the present study, 136 undergraduate students (M age = 22.36 years, SD = 6.27; 81% female, 69.1% Caucasian, 77.2% attended some college) completed self-report measures of trauma, dissociation, and coping self-efficacy. All measures were completed by the same participants at two different time points (Time 1 and Time 2) two months apart; all participants reported a history of exposure to at least one Criterion A traumatic event (according to the DSM-5) at Time 1. We hypothesized that CSE for posttraumatic coping demands at Time 2 would mediate the relationship between dissociation at Time 1 and dissociation at Time 2, and subsequently found evidence of significant mediation, 95% CI [.02, .18]. These findings suggest that initial levels of persistent dissociation negatively predict CSE, which in turn directly and negatively influence persistent dissociation at a later time point. This highlights how CSE may serve as a protective factor against persistent dissociation.

KEYWORDS:

• Coping
• coping mechanisms
• dissociation
• psychological trauma sequelae
• trauma risk and resiliency
• traumatic stress

Acknowledgments

We thank the trauma survivors for their time and commitment to this project. We also thank Erin D. Melville, M.A., for overseeing data collection.