Dissociation-Induced Shame in Those with a Dissociative Disorder: Assessing the Impact of Relationship context using Vignettes

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for demographic variables across experience (dissociation vs sadness).

		Dissociation n = 20	Sadness n = 14
Age M (SD)		45.55 (9.85)	48.35 (10.45)
Gender n (%) Male Female Non-binary		2 (10%) 17 (85%) 1 (5%)	0 (0%) 13 (93%) 1 (7%)
Ethnicity n (%)
White European Other European Asian Other		13 (65%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%) 5 (25%)	13 (93%) 1 (7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Relationship status n (%) Single In relationship Married Separated		15 (75%) 3 (15%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%)	10 (71%) 0 (0%) 2 (14%) 2 (14%)
Education n (%) No high school High school Course/diploma Degree Masters PhD Other		3 (15%) 2 (10%) 3 (15%) 7 (35%) 3 (15%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%)	1 (7%) 1 (7%) 3 (21%) 6 (43%) 3 (21%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)

Table 2. Means and standard deviations for experience (dissociation, sadness) by relationship context randomizations for the DES and ESS.

		Close friend, alone, acquaintance M (SD)	Alone, acquaintance, close friend M (SD)	Acquaintance, close friend, alone M (SD)
DES Dissociation Sadness		56.58 (26.15) 52.14 (24.14)	78.39 (2.77) 59.92 (17.08)	54.38 (18.74) 59.40 (5.77)
ESS Dissociation Sadness		83.14 (21.16) 79.20 (18.40)	96.05 (3.54) 83.40 (5.55)	80.45 (18.88) 83.67 (11.06)

Table 3. Means and standard deviations for relationship context (close friend, acquaintance, alone) by experience (dissociation, sadness) on seven single-item emotion ratings.

		Close friend M (SD)	Acquaintance M (SD)	Alone M (SD)	Total M (SD)
Anger Dissociation Sadness		2.55 (1.64) 2.71 (1.49)	2.60 (1.53) 3.50 (1.34)	2.55 (1.57) 2.57 (1.70)	2.56 (1.58) 2.93 (1.51)
Shame Dissociation Sadness		3.15 (1.42) 3.79 (1.53)	3.95 (1.36) 4.57 (.51)	2.95 (1.39) 2.93 (1.54)	3.35 (1.39) 3.76 (1.19)
Sad Dissociation Sadness		3.30 (1.30) 3.71 (.99)	3.70 (1.22) 3.14 (1.09)	3.25 (1.41) 4.14 (.95)	3.42 (1.31) 3.59 (1.17)
Disgust Dissociation Sadness		2.85 (1.60) 3.29 (1.82)	3.20 (1.64) 4.00 (1.18)	2.60 (1.64) 3.36 (1.60)	2.88 (1.63) 3.55 (1.53)
Anxious Dissociation Sadness		3.70 (1.17) 3.86 (1.17)	4.00 (1.30) 4.50 (.65)	4.10 (1.21) 3.29 (1.44)	3.93 (1.23) 3.88 (1.08)
Guilty Dissociation Sadness		3.10 (1.52) 4.07 (1.33)	3.65 (1.50) 4.07 (1.44)	2.70 (1.69) 3.14 (1.66)	3.15 (1.57) 3.76 (1.48)

Table 4. Means and standard deviations for relationship context (close friend, acquaintance, alone) by experience (dissociation, sadness) for state shame scale scores.

	Close friend M (SD)	Acquaintance M (SD)	Alone M (SD)	Total M (SD)
Experience Dissociation Sadness	3.06 (1.45) 3.34 (1.44)	3.89 (1.35) 4.47 (.57)	3.16 (1.45) 3.69 (.73)	3.37 (1.42) 3.83 (.91)

Table 5. Means and standard deviations for relationship context (close friend, acquaintance, alone) by experience (dissociation, sadness) for the eight behavioral responses.

		Close friend M (SD)	Acquaintance M (SD)	Alone M (SD)	Total M (SD)
Talk Dissociation Sadness		2.95 (1.31) 3.07 (1.64)	1.80 (1.06) 2.00 (1.18)	2.80 (1.15) 2.29 (1.20)	2.52 (1.17) 2.45 (1.34)
Leave Dissociation Sadness		2.30 (1.21) 2.93 (1.54)	3.10 (1.33) 3.79 (1.37)	2.75 (1.37) 2.43 (1.22)	2.72 (1.30) 3.05 (1.38)
Hide Dissociation Sadness		3.45 (1.32) 3.57 (1.50)	3.20 (1.28) 3.57 (1.40)	2.80 (1.36) 3.36 (1.08)	3.15 (1.32) 3.50 (1.33)
Annoyed at self Dissociation Sadness		3.75 (1.33) 3.64 (1.33)	4.10 (1.33) 4.64 (.84)	3.50 (1.43) 4.14 (.95)	3.78 (1.36) 4.14 (1.04)
Distract Dissociation Sadness		3.40 (1.47) 3.71 (1.27)	3.85 (1.14) 4.07 (1.14)	3.20 (1.24) 3.71 (1.33)	3.48 (1.28) 3.83 (1.25)
Annoyed at other Dissociation Sadness		1.60 (1.04) 2.07 (1.44)	1.45 (.68) 2.14 (1.09)	1.75 (1.12) 2.36 (1.39)	1.60 (.95) 2.19 (1.31)
Wished to experience alone Dissociation Sadness Sit Dissociation Sadness		3.85 (1.35) 3.64 (1.44) 2.85 (1.04) 2.29 (.83)	4.50 (.89) 4.57 (.94) 2.60 (1.05) 1.71 (.73)	4.00 (1.33) 3.71 (1.59) 2.85 (1.04) 2.64 (1.65)	4.12 (1.19) 3.97 (1.32) 2.77 (1.04) 2.21 (1.07)