Effects of a Combined Amendment on Pb, Cd, and As Availability and Accumulation in Rice Planted in Contaminated Paddy Soil

ABSTRACT

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the mitigation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in a multi-metal contaminated soil and their accumulation in rice plants (Oryza sativa L., cv II You 93) using a combined amendment (CMF, calcium carbonate + metakaolin + fused calcium–magnesium phosphate fertilizer). The results showed that application of CMF was effective in reducing the acid-extractable concentrations of soil Pb and Cd. The exchangeable concentrations of soil As showed an initial decrease followed by a gradual increase. The application of 0.2% CMF notably reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As in brown rice by 46.5%, 43.6%, and 32.0%, respectively. The concentration of As in brown rice was 0.179 mg kg⁻¹ at 0.2% CMF, which met the maximum levels of contaminants in foods of China (MLs) (the ML of Pb, Cd, and As is 0.2 mg kg⁻¹ according to the China national standard GB 2762-2012). At 1.6% CMF, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in brown rice were 0.002 and 0.185 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, i.e., reductions of 99.6% and 74.1%, and these values also fell within the MLs.

KEYWORDS:

• Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
• multi-metal contamination
• paddy soil
• metal mobility
• soil remediation

Funding

The project was financially supported by the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture (Hunan Agricultural Union 2015-112), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41501344), and the Science Research Project of the Education Department in Hunan Province (No. 15K148).