Automatic Generation Control in an Interconnected Power System Incorporating Diverse Source Power Plants Using Bacteria Foraging Optimization Technique

Abstract

This article presents automatic generation control (AGC) of a two-area interconnected power system with diverse energy sources using the bacteria foraging optimization technique. The control areas of interconnected power systems consist of hydro, thermal, and gas power plants. In this study, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) structures of AGC regulators are designed for various case studies identified herein. An artificial intelligent optimization algorithm using the modeling behavior of E. Coli bacteria present in human intestines, is applied to tune the gains of PID structured AGC regulators. The closed-loop system dynamic response plots are obtained with designed AGC regulators for various power system models. The effectiveness of the proposed AGC regulators is demonstrated in the wake of a 1% step load disturbance in one of the control areas. It has been shown that the system dynamic responses subject to a step load disturbance are superior over other power plant combinations in a control area with only thermal and gas power plants participating in the AGC schemes, and it is sluggish/poor when only hydro power plants participated in the AGC scheme as one of the diverse sources in the power system.

Keywords:

• automatic generation control
• diverse source power plants
• interconnected power system
• integral square error
• bacteria foraging algorithm

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ibraheem Nasiruddin

Ibraheem Nasiruddin received his B.Sc. Engg. (Hons.), M.Sc. Engg., and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He is currently working in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Qassim Engineering College, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as full professor. Before taking this assignment, he served at Jamia Millia Islamia (a Central University), New Delhi, India, for over 25 years as teaching faculty and in various other positions. He is an active researcher and has published over 50 research papers in journals of national and international repute and over 100 research articles in conferences and workshops. He has guided 13 Ph.D. thesis and many graduate and post-graduate students for their project and dissertation work. His research interests are power system operation and control, AGC of power systems, optimal control theory applications in power plants system control, application of intelligent control in deregulated power systems, renewable energy systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Terlochan S. Bhatti

Terlochan S. Bhatti is a professor in the Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. He worked on his Ph.D. from IIT Delhi in 1985. He was a post-doctoral fellow at University of Newcastle, Australia, in 1987. He has visited the United Kingdom under a research project in 1993 and Indonesia under the Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) program in 1998. He has guided a number of Ph.D. Thesis and over 40 M.Tech Dissertations. He has published a number of research papers in national/international journals and has been continuously engaged in guiding research activities at graduate/post-graduate and Ph.D. levels. He has edited a book entitled Small Hydro Power Systems. He has completed several sponsored and consultancy projects in the area of electric energy systems. He has prepared five technical reports for Central Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Science and Technology (DST), and University of Newcastle. He is the secretary for the Centre Research Committee (CRC) since 2003. He has developed a wind turbine for low wind speeds with accelerating nozzles to be used for irrigation and electric power generation, which was sponsored by DST. His current area of research includes automatic generation control of power systems, transient stability analysis of multi-machine systems, load frequency and reactive power control of isolated hybrid power systems, control of small hydro power systems, air concentrating nozzles, and drag-type vertical axis wind energy conversion systems.

Nizamuddin Hakimuddin

Nizamuddin Hakimuddin received his B.Tech (Hons.) in electrical engineering from Kurukshetra University, M.Tech.(Hons.) in electrical power system management, and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, in 2003, 2007 & 2014 respectively. He is currently working as an assistant project engineer with New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, Department of Industries, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. He has published a number of research papers in national/international journals. His research interests are operation and control of power systems, AGC and artificial intelligent optimization techniques electrical engineering.