Effects of a Self-Help Program on Depressed Mood for Women with an Unfulfilled Child Wish

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram. Note. ¹One respondent removed from dataset, reason: outlier due to physical problems caused by chronic disease.

Table 1. Demographic and definitive childlessness characteristics for participants in CBS and WLC.

	Total (n = 44)	CBS (n = 18)	WLC (n = 26)
Demographic characteristics
Mean age + SD, years	42.84 + 7.93	44.56 + 9.01	41.65 + 7.02
Educational level, n (%)
Lower	19 (43.2%)	7 (38.9%)	12 (46.2%)
Higher (college/university)	25 (56.8%)	11 (61.1%)	14 (53.8%)
Marital status, n (%)
Single	6 (13.6%)	3 (16.7%)	3 (11.5%)
Married/cohabiting	38 (86.4%)	15 (83.3%)	23 (88.5%)
Childlessness characteristics
Time since child wish + SD, years	15.59 + 11.13	16.06 + 9.66	15.27 + 12.20
Time since definitive childlessness + SD, years	6.20 + 9.08	7.78 + 10.09	5.12 + 8.34
Who has physical cause of infertility, n (%)
Self or both	29 (65.9%)	12 (66.7%)	17 (65.4%)
Partner or unknown	15 (34.1%)	6 (33.3%)	9 (34.6%)
Received medical treatment, n (%)
Yes (self or both)	35 (79.5%)	14 (77.8%)	21 (80.8%)
No (neither)	9 (20.5%)	4 (22.2%)	5 (19.2%)

Note. No significant differences were found between CBS and WLC on any of the variables.

Table 2. Observed baseline and posttest depression scores (HADS) for participants in self-help CBS and WLC.

	Total^a	CBS^b	WLC^c
Mean baseline depression score (SD)	7.39 (3.53)	7.61 (3.79)	7.23 (3.41)
Mean first posttest depression score (SD)	5.86 (2.91)	4.88 (2.32)	6.58 (3.13)
Mean second posttest depression score (SD)	6.00 (3.35)	4.64 (2.68)	6.73 (3.49)
Mean change score 1 (first posttest–baseline) (SD)	−1.64 (3.01)	−2.72 (2.87)	−.83 (2.91)
Mean change score 2 (second posttest–baseline) (SD)	−1.38 (3.62)	−3.00 (3.44)	−.50 (3.47)
Mean change score 3 (second posttest–first posttest) (SD)	.13 (2.60)	.14 (2.54)	.13 (2.69)

Notes: ^aN baseline/first posttest/second posttest = 44/42/40; ^bN baseline/first posttest/second posttest = 18/18/14; ^cN baseline/first posttest/second posttest = 26/24/26.

Table 3. GLM with repeated measurements: multivariate effects for time and time x condition on depression scores.

	Wilks’s lambda	F	df	p	Partial eta squared
Time (baseline–first posttest)	.72	15.53	1,40	.00	.28
Time × condition	.90	4.38	1,40	.04	.10
Time (baseline–second posttest)	.80	9.32	1,38	.00	.20
Time × condition	.89	4.75	1,38	.04	.11
Time (first posttest–second posttest)	1.00	.09	1,36	.76	.00
Time × condition	1.00	.00	1,36	.98	.00

Note. The means in the GLM may differ from the means in Table 2 due to listwise deletion.