Exposure to personal and community violence and associated drug use outcomes in African American young adults

Abstract

Background

Exposure to violence (ETV) during one’s life has been associated with increased risk for substance abuse. Adolescent ETV is also related to substance abuse into adulthood, and has been shown to have a cumulative effect. This study adds to the understanding of how ETV relates to a range of substance use outcomes by specifying how different types of violence affects substance use behaviors in African American young adults, and examines how this exposure is moderated by other life stressors, and health and social experiences.

Method

Factor analysis was conducted to identify unique types of ETV in 638 African American men and women ages 18-25. The resulting factors represent 1) childhood ETV and 2) community ETV as adults. These were regressed upon substance abuse outcomes.

Results

78% of the respondents were exposed to some form of violence during their childhood. Lower childhood ETV were significantly associated with a lower risk of engaging in dangerous substance use behaviors. Adult experiences of community violence had more significant predictors of drug use than childhood ETV. Witnessing gunfire or an assault, witnessing or being a victim of sexual assault, and carrying a weapon were consistent risk factors for dangerous drug behaviors, although specific drug use behaviors differed across genders.

Conclusions

ETV served as an independent explanatory factor for specific drug use behaviors at different stages of life. Future research is needed to understand how these factors put respondents at risk for drug use behaviors or make them less likely to engage in dangerous use patterns.

Keywords:

• Exposure to violence
• drug use
• personal violence
• community violence
• health outcomes

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the contribution of Kathy Sanders-Phillips, PhD, the original Principal Investigator of this grant. The authors would like to thank the recruitment team.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health, the District of Columbia Department of Health.

Additional information

Funding

This project has been funded in whole or in part with U.S. Government funds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Minority Health & Health Disparities (Grant # 4RO1MD005851), “Re-Engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise,” Grant # UL1TR000101 and the District of Columbia Department of Health (DCDOH), The HIV Prevention Grant # 16Z202.