Teachers Challenging Language Discrimination in England’s Schools: A Typology of Resistance

Figures & data

Table 1. Participating teachers.

Name	Ethnic group (self-defined)	Years teaching	Broad demographics of institution
Mandy (case study teacher)	White British	14	A large secondary school with sixth form in the North East. Students were mostly white British, but a growing community of south Asian and Filipino students.
Aaliyah (case study teacher)	Black British	5	A large secondary school in London. Most students were from Black African and Black Caribbean backgrounds, and from low-income backgrounds.
Ruby (case study teacher)	White British	20	A large further education college in Manchester with a very racially and economically diverse student community.
Sarah	White British	14	A large sixth form college on the South East coast in an area of high deprivation. Largely white working-class student population.
Chiara	White European	20	A large sixth form college in the South East with a large proportion of white, middle-class children.
Tabitha	White British	8	Medium size secondary school with sixth form in Bristol. A racially diverse student body, with large representation of Black African and South Asian students. Around half of the student population spoke English as an additional language.
Patrick	White British	20	Large sixth form college in the Midlands. A high proportion of working-class students, mostly white British.
Anjum	British Pakistani	5	Medium size secondary academy in outer London, with a large proportion of working-class students with British Indian and British Pakistani heritage, with most of these speaking English as an additional language.
Frazer	White British	15	Medium size secondary academy with sixth form in the North West. Almost all students were White British, with a very a large number of these from low-income backgrounds.
Tim	White British	4	Secondary academy with sixth form in Leeds. A relatively equal mix of white, Black African and East Asian students from working class and middle class families.
Mirela	White Kosovan	13	Large academy with sixth form in East London, with a majority Indian Gujarati student population from working class families.
Martha	White British	4	Large secondary school in the North West, with a majority white, working class student population.
Nadia	British Pakistani	5	Secondary school in East London with a predominantly working class student community. A large population of south Asian, Black African, and eastern European students.
Justin	Black British	3	Secondary academy in south Manchester with a majority student community of Black African and Black Caribbean children, many of whom come from low-income families.
Rachael	White British	25	Larger than average secondary school with sixth form in the North East. Around half white working class students, and half working-class global majority students.
Nina	White British	4	A large secondary school in Birmingham, with a majority white working class student body.
Amina	British Indian	7	Average size secondary school in Manchester with a very racially diverse community and many students coming from working class backgrounds.
Kay	White British	22	A large secondary school with sixth form in the North West. Most students were white British, with around a quarter from low-income backgrounds.
Amir	Black British	5	A large secondary academy with sixth form in Birmingham, with a relatively even mixture of white, south Asian, and Black students.
Sally	White British	14	Medium size secondary school with sixth form in south London with a very racially and linguistically diverse student community.
Harriet	White British	17	Large further education college in outer London, with majority white, middle-class students.