Acknowledgements
The author thanks Lianne Kennedy Boudali, a Senior Associate at the US Military Academy's Combating Terror Centre, for increasing the cogency of the review essay from a security and terrorism studies standpoint. The author also wishes to thank her advisor, Dr. James F. Klumpp at the University of Maryland College Park, for his kind yet critical eye.
Notes
1. For the purposes of this review essay, Arab may be interpreted as a national identity; Muslim may be interpreted as an ethnic, cultural, and religious (followers of Islam) identity; and Islamic and Islamist may be interpreted as a political identity rooted in religious faith or ideology.
2. Cesari's congregational model “designates a kind of locally-based religious activism rooted in principles of voluntarism, self-management, and the organization of social and cultural activities as an integral part of the congregation's social function” (p. 128).