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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of design parameters for the scale-up of the depleted uranium (DU) bed. The actual DU bed chosen for this study has a DU loading of 1.86 kg for a tritium capacity of 70 g and is cylindrical in shape and equipped with copper foam to enhance internal heat transfer. Based on the reference DU bed geometry, three different scale-up bed geometries to increase the amount of DU loading up to 9.3 kg were designed under different aspect ratios for comparison purposes and simulated using a three-dimensional transient DU hydride model developed in our previous studies. The simulation results are compared in terms of the evolution of the DU hydride temperature and H/U atomic ratio during the DU hydriding process. This study helps to identify key design parameters (e.g., it is critical to scale up the DU bed geometry).
Nomenclature
| A = | = | correlation factor |
| Ca = | = | hydriding rate constant (s−1) |
| Cp = | = | specific heat (kJ∙kg−1∙K−1) |
| Ea = | = | activation energy (kJ∙kmol−1) |
| EXV = | = | expansion volume |
| H/U = | = | hydrogen-to-metal atomic ratio |
| ΔH = | = | reaction heat of formation (J∙kg−1) |
| h = | = | convection heat transfer coefficient (W∙m−2∙K−1) |
| K = | = | permeability (m2) |
| k = | = | thermal conductivity (W∙m−1∙K−1) |
| M = | = | molecular weight (kg∙kmol−1) |
| P = | = | pressure (bar) |
| R = | = | universal gas constant (8.314 J∙mol−1∙K−1) |
| S = | = | source term |
| T = | = | temperature (K) |
| t = | = | time (s) |
| = | velocity vector (m∙s−1) | |
| V = | = | volume (m3) |
| X = | = | reaction fraction |
Greek
| ∆ρ = | = | fictitious change of DU density |
| ε = | = | porosity |
| μ = | = | dynamic viscosity (kg∙m−1∙s−1) |
| ρ = | = | density (kg∙m−3) |
| τ = | = | stress tensor |
Superscripts
| eff = | = | effective value |
| g = | = | gas phase |
| s = | = | solid phase |
Subscripts
| Cu = | = | copper |
| Eq = | = | equilibrium |
| H2 = | = | hydrogen |
| in = | = | inlet |
| U = | = | depleted uranium metal |
| UH = | = | depleted uranium metal hydride |
| m = | = | mass equation |
| cf = | = | copper foam |
| par = | = | parallel |
| ref = | = | reference value |
| res = | = | reservoir |
| sat = | = | saturation value |
| ser = | = | series |
| T = | = | energy equation |
| u = | = | momentum equation |
| 0 = | = | initial value |
Acknowledgments
This research was conducted (code no. IO 1726) with the support of the National Fusion Research Institute of Korea under the auspices of the ITER Organization. Hyunchul Ju also thanks Sei-Hun Yun and David Demange of the Fuel Cycle Engineering Division of the ITER Organization for useful discussions. Financial support from the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy of the Republic of Korea (no. 20194030202340) is gratefully acknowledged.