A review on carbon nanotube-based composites for electrocatalyst applications

Figures & data

Figure 1. Carbon nanotube synthesis techniques: (A) Arc discharge method, (B) Laser ablation method, (C) chemical vapor disposition methods adopted from Ref. [4].

Figure 2. Chirality map of SWCNTs, in which the met- and semi-SWCNTs are denoted by hexagons, reproduced from Ref. [6] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Table 1. Enhanced fuel cell by incorporating CNT in the electrocatalysts at the anode.

Fuel cell	CNT based catalyst	Enhanced power density (mW/cm^2)	References
MFC	VCNTs-PPy-CF	1896.62 = 2.6 X ppy-CF	^[Citation24]
MFC	CNTs-CNF(electrospinning technique)	382 = 1.22 X CNF	^[Citation25]
PEMFC	Fe/Zn/ZIF-MCNT	820 = 1.325X Fe/Zn/ZIF	^[Citation20]
DMFC	Ni/NiO-MWCNT	41.8 = 1.3X Ni/NiO	^[Citation26]
AEMFC	ImPEEK/IL-CNT	80.59 = 1.6XImPEEK	^[Citation27]
HT-PEMFC	Pt-MWCNT	360 = 1.162XPt/C	^[Citation28]
MFC	AC/electrodgens Bacteria-MWCNT	1130 = 1.6XAc/biofilm	^[Citation29]

Table 2. CNT based catalyst on the working electrode of electrochemical sensors.

Chemical detected	CNT-incorporation	Lower detection limit	Sensitivity (µA/[]⋅cm^2)	References
Lactate on glove	CNT/AgCl2	1.4 µM	0.446	^[Citation47]
Para-cresol in wastewater	C/CNT/Laccase	0.005 ppm	544.52	^[Citation48]
H2S	CNT/SnO2/CuO	10 ppm	4.41	^[Citation49]
Cr(IV)	CNT/FTO/filter paper	5 ppb	530	^[Citation50]
Ethanol	CNT-POF	0.2%	15.1	^[Citation51]
Glucose	Ni-Cu-CNT	2µM	1836.5	^[Citation52]

Note: [] denotes concentration units.

Table 3. Some CNT based electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction reactions.

Desired product	Catalyst	Faradaic efficiency (%)	References
Formic acid	Bi-MWCNT-COOH/Cu	91.7	^[Citation58]
Formate	Bi Np@MWCNT	95.2	^[Citation59]
CO	MWCNT-Cu/Pc	44	^[Citation60]
CO	N-Fe-CNT/CNS	69	^[Citation61]
CO	CoPc/CNT	95	^[Citation62]
CO	Cu-Sb2O3-CNT	92	^[Citation63]

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