Trait and State Levels of Loneliness in Early and Late Adolescents: Examining the Differential Reactivity Hypothesis

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Descriptive Statistics for Each Sample, Including Unstandardized Mean Levels

	Early Adolescents NL			Late Adolescents NL			Late Adolescents U.S.
	M (SD)	N	Range	M (SD)	N	Range	M (SD)	N	Range	F	df
Trait Loneliness	17.67 (5.34)	269	12–48	35.88a (9.40)	223	20–80	35.12a (9.76)	126	20–80
State Loneliness	1.31 (0.39)	269	1–7	1.34 (0.48)	223	1–7	1.31 (0.34)	126	1–5	0.30	622
% Alone	37.23a (14.94)	269	0–100	37.47a (16.97)	223	0–100	29.46b (13.24)	126	0–100	12.84***	622
% Intimate	34.25a (14.10)	269	0–100	52.30b (17.02)	223	0–100	35.13a (14.58)	126	0–100	93.85***	622
% Nonintimate	28.52a (9.97)	269	0–100	10.12b (8.01)	223	0–100	35.41c (14.89)	126	0–100	289.50***	622

Note. Means are compared horizontally. Mean levels with the same subscript do not significantly differ from each other. Mean levels with different subscripts significantly differ from each other. NL = the Netherlands; U.S. = United States.

***p < .001.

TABLE 2 Correlations Between Model Variables in Early Adolescents NL Sample

	Early Adolescents NL
	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.
1. Sex^a	—
2. Age	−.10	—
3. Trait Loneliness	.20**	−.08	—
4. State Loneliness	.10	−.01	.32***	—
5. % Alone	−.25***	.07	.00	.14*	—
6. % Intimate	.29***	−.06	.05	−.18**	−.77***	—
7. % Nonintimate	−.04	−.02	−.08	.04	−.42***	−.27***

Note. NL = the Netherlands.

^a 0 = male, 1 = female.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

TABLE 3 Correlations Between Model Variables in Late Adolescent Samples

	Late Adolescents NL						Late Adolescents U.S.
	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.
1. Sex^a	—						—
2. Age	−.05	—					−.13	—
3. Trait Loneliness	.00	.08	—				−.02	.06	—
4. State Loneliness	.02	.06	.35***	—			.06	−.18*	.36***	—
5. % Alone	−.15*	.15*	.13	.19**	—		−.22*	.13	.07	−.07	—
6. % Intimate	.10	−.19**	−.18**	−.20**	−.89***	—	−.08	−.21*	−.08	−.06	−.43***	—
7. % Nonintimate	.10	.10	.10	.00	−.23**	−.24***	.28**	.09	.01	.13	−.47***	−.60***

Note. NL = the Netherlands; U.S. = United States.

^a 0 = male, 1 = female.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

FIGURE 1 Moderation of trait loneliness in the relation between type of company (alone vs. company) and state loneliness in both late adolescent samples.

FIGURE 2 Moderation of trait loneliness in the relation between type of company (intimate vs. nonintimate) and state loneliness in the total sample.

FIGURE 3 Moderation of trait loneliness in the relation between type of company (alone vs. intimate) and state loneliness in the total sample.