Finite element method for the static behavior of tapered poles made of glass fiber reinforced polymer

Abstract

This work addresses the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to investigate the static behavior of tapered poles made of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). The theoretical model developed using the FEM was verified through comparison with an experimental procedure. More specifically, two poles made of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) were loaded as cantilever beams to failure at the Steel Structures Laboratory of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). The experimental poles were constructed using the filament winding method. The experimental results included load-deflection data at the point of loading as well as strain distribution near the fixed support. The results from the FEM closely matched the experimental results for deflection as well as for the ultimate load of the specimens. On the basis of these findings, the authors concluded that it is possible to use the FEM with confidence in the analysis and design of GFRP structures, such as utility line poles and wind turbine towers, without the high cost associated with experimentation.

Keywords:

• Tapered poles
• filament winding
• glass fiber reinforced polymers
• quadrilateral shell elements
• FEM
• Abaqus

Acknowledgments

The first author, Thomas Altanopoulos, gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the company B&T Composites S.A. which donated the specimens for the experimental work. He also expresses his gratitude to the staff of the Steel Structures Laboratory of the National Technical University of Athens for their assistance in conducting the experimental work. In addition, he acknowledges, with deep sorrow, the unexpected passing of the second author, the late Dr. Ioannis Raftoyiannis, whose distinguished contribution to the field and exceptional mentorship made this project possible. Finally, the first author would like to thank Dr. Dimos Polyzois, Professor Emeritus at the University of Manitoba, Canada, who graciously agreed to step in as supervisor following the passing of Dr. Raftoyiannis.