ABSTRACT
The findings in this study were that the exposure of FG cells to nonylphenol (NP) caused decreases in the cell growth rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and ATP content; an increase in intracellular O2− content; and alteration of the organelles such as mitochondria and the RER. It is proposed that the reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities leads to accumulation of O2− content, which in turn results in the damage of mitochondrial infrastructures and a decline in energy production, which then causes the ultrastructural alterations in the cells. In addition, we show that FG cells are a good candidate system for evaluation of NP acute toxicities.
Abbreviations | ||
BCS | = | bovine calf serum |
CAT | = | catalase |
GA | = | Golgi apparatus |
GPX | = | glutathione peroxidase |
L | = | lysozyme |
M | = | mitochondrion |
N | = | nucleus |
NBT | = | nitroblue tetrazolium |
NP | = | nonylphenol |
Nu | = | nucleus |
O2− | = | superoxide anion |
PBS | = | phosphate-buffered saline |
RER | = | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | = | superoxide dismutase. |
Abbreviations | ||
BCS | = | bovine calf serum |
CAT | = | catalase |
GA | = | Golgi apparatus |
GPX | = | glutathione peroxidase |
L | = | lysozyme |
M | = | mitochondrion |
N | = | nucleus |
NBT | = | nitroblue tetrazolium |
NP | = | nonylphenol |
Nu | = | nucleus |
O2− | = | superoxide anion |
PBS | = | phosphate-buffered saline |
RER | = | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | = | superoxide dismutase. |