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Review

Animal models for studying tumor microenvironment (TME) and resistance to lymphocytic infiltration

ORCID Icon &
Pages 745-754 | Received 05 Dec 2017, Accepted 24 Apr 2018, Published online: 16 May 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1. Heatmap generated from unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. 44 biopsy samples, 5 cell lines and 3 primary cells were aligned along the horizontal axis while genes were aligned along the vertical axis. The heatmap program generated groups 1–3 and we designated two classes of tumors, Class A and Class B.

Figure 1. Heatmap generated from unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. 44 biopsy samples, 5 cell lines and 3 primary cells were aligned along the horizontal axis while genes were aligned along the vertical axis. The heatmap program generated groups 1–3 and we designated two classes of tumors, Class A and Class B.

Figure 2. Variation in TME. (a) Most chemokine transcripts were found in Group 1 tumors, except for CXCL14, which was found in Class A tumors. Growth factor receptors such as EGFR and FGFR2 were found in Class A tumors. Keratins 2a,10,14, and 17 were found in Class A tumors. The lower level keratin transcripts were found in cell lines, primary melanocytes and Class B tumors. Proto-oncogene MET transcripts were found in many samples across the groups and classes. (b) Dopachrome tautomerase, known to inhibit macrophage chemotactic response, Drosophila Delta-Like 3 (DDL3), phospholipase A1 Membrane A (PLA1A), and MET were excluded from Class A tumors.

Figure 2. Variation in TME. (a) Most chemokine transcripts were found in Group 1 tumors, except for CXCL14, which was found in Class A tumors. Growth factor receptors such as EGFR and FGFR2 were found in Class A tumors. Keratins 2a,10,14, and 17 were found in Class A tumors. The lower level keratin transcripts were found in cell lines, primary melanocytes and Class B tumors. Proto-oncogene MET transcripts were found in many samples across the groups and classes. (b) Dopachrome tautomerase, known to inhibit macrophage chemotactic response, Drosophila Delta-Like 3 (DDL3), phospholipase A1 Membrane A (PLA1A), and MET were excluded from Class A tumors.