Apatinib in recurrent anaplastic meningioma: a retrospective case series and systematic literature review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Treatment timeline (Op: operation, RT: radiotherapy).

Figure 2. (a) The brown–yellow granules of the cell membrane and cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells showed positive VEGFR2 (a × 100). Contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) before treatment: transversal (b), and sagittal (c). ceMRI after treatment: transversal (e), and sagittal (f). e pathology of AE grade 3 (d × 200).

Figure 3. Treatment timeline (Op: operation; SRS: stereotactic radiosurgery).

Figure 4. The brown–yellow granules of the cell membrane and cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells showed a positive VEGFR2 (×200).

Figure 5. ceMRI before apatinib treatment: transversal (a), and sagittal (b). ceMRI after treatment: transversal (d), and sagittal (e). Flair images showed a significant relief of peritumoral edema (before treatment c vs. after treatment f).

Figure 6. Treatment timeline (Op: operation; IMRT: intensity-modulated radiation therapy).

Figure 7. The brown–yellow granules of the cell membrane and cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells showed a positive VEGFR2 (×200).

Figure 8. Postoperative ceMRI: transversal view (a), coronal view (b), and sagittal view (c). Postradiotherapy ceMRI: transversal view (d), coronal view (e), and sagittal view (f). ceMRI after treatment: transversal view (g), coronal view (h), and sagittal view (i).

Table 1. Studies of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in treating refractory recurrent meningioma.

Treatment	Study type	Number patients	Median PFS (months)	PFS-6 (%)	Citation
Sunitinib	Phase Ⅱ	36(Ⅱ, n = 30;,n = 6)	5.2	42	Kaley et al.^Citation16
Valatinib	Phase Ⅱ	25 meningioma:24(Ⅰ,n = 2;Ⅱ,n = 14;,n = 8) nemangiopericytoma:1	3.6	37.50	Raizer et al.^Citation23
Bevacizumab+TMZ or VP16	Retrospective	14(Ⅰ,n = 5;Ⅱ,n = 5;,n = 3,Unknown:1)	17.9	85.7	Lou et al.^Citation17
Bevacizumab	Retrospective	15(Ⅱ,n = 6;,n = 9)	6.5	43.8	Nayak et al.^Citation24
Apatinib	Retrospective	3(,n = 3)	17.3, 10.3, 14+	100	Wang et al (this reseach)

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.