Figures & data
Figure 1. Induction of α-SMA expression
Images of α-SMA staining in the indicated cells. (A) FR was administrated to cells for 21 d. Scale bar = 50 µm. (B) The percentage of TIG-3 and MRC-5 cells with α-SMA staining after each irradiation method is shown in the graph. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in the percentage of α-SMA-positive cells compared with nonirradiated control cells. For FR cells, a significant increase in the percentage of α-SMA-positive cells was compared with nonirradiated FR cells at theindicated day. (C) Fluorescence intensity of α-SMA staining was measured after SR (left) or FR (right). The asterisk indicates a significant increase in fluorescence intensity values of α-SMA staining compared with nonirradiated control cells. For FR cells, a significant increase in fluorescence intensity values of α-SMA staining was compared with nonirradiated FR cells at the indicated day.
Figure 2. Association of DDR with myofibroblast induction
(A) Effects of inhibitors on cell growth after irradiation. The asterisk indicates a significant decrease in the number of cells compared with nonirradiated control cells. (B) Viability of TIG-3 cells as evaluated by MTT assay. The cell viability of the treatment group was normalized to the value of the nonirradiated group and is shown as the mean value ± SD. The asterisk indicates a significant decrease in cell proliferation rate compared with nonirradiated control cells. (C) The relative fluorescence intensity values of DCFDA staining were normalized to that of the nonirradiated controls. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in fluorescence intensity value of DCFDA staining compared with nonirradiated control cells. (D) The percentage of α-SMA-positive TIG-3 cells in each treatment group is shown in the graph on the right. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in the percentage of α-SMA-positive cells compared with nonirradiated control cells. (E) Western blotting for α-SMA among the indicated treatment groups. The amounts of α-SMA were normalized by the corresponding tubulin level. The values are expressed relative to the untreated control value.
Figure 3. Growth inhibition enhanced myofibroblast induction
(A) Cell growth after irradiation at the indicated doses under different culture conditions. The asterisk indicates a significant decrease in the number of cells compared with nonirradiated control cells. (B) Images of α-SMA staining in the indicated cells. Scale bar = 50 µm. The percentage of α-SMA-positive TIG-3 cells in different culture conditions is shown in the graph on the right. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in the percentage of α-SMA-positive cells compared with nonirradiated control cells.
Figure 4. ROS generation FACS results for DCFDA staining 24 h after SR in TIG-3 cells that were either nonirradiated (dotted line) or irradiated (solid line) at the indicated doses. The relative fluorescence intensity values of DCFDA staining were normalized to nonirradiated controls. Asterisk indicates a significant increase in fluorescence intensity value of DCFDA staining compared with nonirradiated control cells
Figure 5. The role of EC and ACA on cell growth, ROS production, and α-SMA staining pattern after irradiation
(A) Preradiation and postradiation treatment with EC and ACA protects against radiation-induced growth retardation. The asterisk indicates a significant decrease in the number of cells compared with nonirradiated control cells. (B) The relative fluorescence intensity values of DCFDA staining were normalized to those of nonirradiated controls. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in fluorescence intensity value of DCFDA staining compared with nonirradiated control cells. (C) Images of α-SMA staining in the indicated cells. Scale bar = 50 µm. The percentage of α-SMA-positive TIG-3 and MRC-5 cells for each irradiation method is shown in the graph. The asterisk indicates a significant increase in the percentage of α-SMA-positive cells compared with nonirradiated control cells.
Figure 6. Schematic representation of myofibroblast clearance and persistence following radiation
