Helmet Use Among Motorcyclists in Cambodia: A Survey of Use, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices

Figures & data

Table I Background information for study provinces in Cambodia

		RTIs per 100,000 ^b
Province	Population ^a	Motorcycle	Other vehicles	Overall RTI	No. of sites selected for observational and KAP survey
Phnom Penh	1,327,615	106.88	29.90	136.79	10
Kandal	1,265,280	98.87	37.46	136.33	5
Kampong Speu	716,944	43.80	29.29	60.54	4
Siem Reap	896,443	141.45	39.27	180.71	5
Kampong Cham	1,679,992	82.26	28.63	110.89	5
^a Data from National Institute of Statistics (2008).
^b Data from the Road Crash and Victim Information System (Road Safety Cambodia 2010). It includes all kinds of injury (fatal and injury).

Figure 1a Trend of observed helmet wearing proportions at night by region, July 2010 to May 2011.

Figure 1b Trend of observed helmet wearing proportions during the daytime by region, January to May 2011.

Table II Observed proportions of helmet wearing among drivers and passengers by region in Cambodia in 2011

		Drivers		Passengers
Region	Time	Total number of observations	% Wearing helmets	Total number of observations	% Wearing helmets	P-value ^a
Phnom Penh	Day	17994	82	8678	8	.001
	Night	5996	65	3532	6	.001
Kandal	Day	8944	66	5099	11	.001
	Night	2897	49	1786	10	.001
Kampong Speu	Day	7159	41	3896	5	.001
	Night	1966	22	1294	3	.001
Siem Reap	Day	8999	80	4194	8	.001
	Night	2975	55	1578	4	.001
Kampong Cham	Day	8996	36	4277	3	.001
	Night	2968	6	1823	1	.001
^a Test for difference in proportions—drivers vs. passengers.

Figure 2 Factors influencing decision to purchase a helmet.

Table III Background information on respondents for the roadside KAP survey

	Male N (%)	Female N (%)	Total N (%)
Age Group
18–25	80  (30.5)	25  (59.5)	105  (34.5)
26–35	112  (42.7)	12  (28.6)	124  (40.8)
36–45	45  (17.2)	3  (7.1)	48  (15.8)
46–55	20  (7.6)	1  (2.4)	21  (6.9)
56+	5  (1.9)	1  (2.4)	6  (2.0)
Total	262  (100.0)	42  (100.0)	304  (100.0)
Education
Primary	63  (25.0)	8  (20.5)	71  (24.4)
Secondary	70  (27.8)	13  (33.3)	83  (28.5)
High school	83  (32.9)	11  (28.2)	94  (32.3)
University	36  (14.3)	7  (17.9)	43  (14.8)
Total	252  (100)	39  (100.0)	291  (100.0)
Status of motorcyclist
Driver	244  (93.8)	37  (86.0)	281  (92.7)
Passenger	16  (6.2)	6  (14.0)	22  (7.3)
Own helmet
Yes	245  (96.8)	40  (97.6)	285  (96.9)
No	8  (3.2)	1  (2.4)	9  (3.1)
Own motorcycle
Yes	247  (95.7)	37  (90.2)	284  (95.0)
No	11  (4.3)	4  (9.8)	15  (5.0)
Purpose of the trip
Traveling to/from work  (or school)	78  (30.0)	19  (45.2)	97  (32.1)
Traveling to/from leisure activities	17  (6.5)	3  (7.1)	20  (6.6)
Riding for pleasure	40  (15.4)	13  (31.0)	53  (17.5)
Commercial activity	124  (47.7)	6  (14.3)	130  (43.0)
Others	1  (0.4)	1  (2.4)	2  (0.7)

Table IV Observed vs. self-reported helmet use proportions in Cambodia

	Observed helmet wearing proportion		Self-reported helmet wearing proportion		P-value for test of difference in proportion of observed vs. self-reported helmet wearing
Province	Driver (%)	Passenger (%)	Driver (%)	Passenger (%)	Driver	Passenger
Phnom Penh	78	7	87.5	46.0	.001	.001
Kandal	62	11	86.5	62.2	.001	.001
Kampong Speu	37	5	76.9	28.8	.001	.001