The Repeatability and Reproducibility of the BioRID IIg in a Repeatable Laboratory Seat Based on a Production Car Seat

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Structure of the seat rig, showing the seat back reinforcement and spring–damper system (OEM [original equipment manufacturer] seat cushion and seat back not shown) (color figure available online).

Fig. 2 Draft GTR-7 Phase 2 Annex 9 sled acceleration corridor.

Table 1 Test matrix

Phase 1	Baseline repeatability and reproducibility tests with dummies 028, 068, 077, and 100 (5 repeats with each dummy—total of 20 tests)
Phase 2	Tests with dummy 068 with modified backset or H-point (total of 4 tests)
Phase 3	Baseline repeatability and reproducibility tests with dummies 006 and 007 (3 repeats with each dummy—total of 6 tests)
Phase 4	Tests with dummies 068 and 077 (the outlying dummies from Phase 1) with parts such as the pelvis or spine swapped between dummies (total of 15 tests)
Phase 5	Tests with dummies 068 and 077 rebuilt to their original configuration (no parts swapped—total of 5 tests)
Phase 6	Tests with dummies 006 and 007 using the pelvis from dummy 068 or 077 (total of 4 tests)
Phase 7	Test with dummy 077 with new bumpers at the top 2 thoracic spine positions (total of one test)
Phase 8	Tests with dummy 068 and 077 following refurbishment of the spines intended to standardize the response of the dummies (total of 4 tests)

Fig. 3 Key for curves from baseline tests (Figures 4–9 and 12) (color figure available online).

Table 2 Key to the line styles used in the graphs

-	Solid	Original spec, possibly with changes to seat
‥	Dotted	Swapped pelvis
–	Dashed	Swapped spine (possibly also jacket)
-.	Dash–dot	Swapped pelvis and spine (possibly also jacket and/or legs)

Table 3 Key to the line colors used in the graphs

Dummy
serial no.	Color	Notes
028	Magenta
068	Green	Including shades of green for different types of test, such as swapped parts
077	Red	Including shades of red/orange for different types of test, such as swapped parts
100	Blue
006	Grey	Including shades of grey for different types of test, such as swapped parts
007	Cyan	Including shades of light blue for different types of test, such as swapped parts

Table 4 Sign convention for all BioRID II dummy measurements

Instrument	Measure	Description
Upper and lower neck	+Fx	Head rearward, chest forward
loads	+Fz	Head upward, chest downward (tension)
	+My	Chin toward sternum (flexion)
Head, spine, and pelvis	+Ax	Forwards
accelerations	+Ay	Right
	+Az	Down

Fig. 4 Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) sled pulse (20 tests) in the baseline tests (color figure available online).

Fig. 5 Seat back angle response (20 tests) in the baseline tests (CV 1.4%) (color figure available online).

Fig. 6 Distribution of left and right H-points in the X–Z plane in the baseline tests (fixed seat point SRR also shown for comparison) (color figure available online).

Fig. 7 Upper neck shear force F_x in the baseline tests (CV 10.0%) (color figure available online).

Fig. 8 T1 moment about the Y-axis in the baseline tests (CV 14.4%) (color figure available online).

Fig. 9 Upper neck moment about the Y-axis in the baseline tests (n.b.: the green curve that runs off the top of the graph was due to a loose connector; CV 30.3%) (color figure available online).

Fig. 10 Upper neck moment about the Y-axis for dummies 068 and 077 with swapped pelvis parts compared to baseline tests (color figure available online).

Fig. 11 Upper neck moment about the Y-axis for refurbished dummies 006 and 007 compared to baseline tests with dummies 068 and 077 (color figure available online).

Fig. 12 Pelvis Z-axis acceleration in the baseline tests (CV 28.1%) (color figure available online).

Fig. 13 Head angle relative to T1 (positive is flexion) (color figure available online).

Fig. 14 OC (occipital condyle) Z-axis displacement (CV 11.8%) (color figure available online).

Fig. 15 OC displacement relative to T1 in a seat-back coordinate system (color figure available online).

Fig. 16 Upper neck moment about the Y-axis for dummies 068 and 077 with swapped spine parts compared to baseline tests (color figure available online).

Fig. 17 Upper neck moment about the Y-axis for dummy 077 with standard thickness T2 and T3 rear bumpers compared to baseline tests with dummies 068 and 077 (color figure available online).

Fig. 18 Upper neck moment about the Y-axis (detail) for dummies 068 and 077 following spine refurbishment (color figure available online).

Table 5 Batch-to-batch variation of quasistatic compression test results for bumpers fitted to dummies 006/007 and 068/077

	CV peak	CV mean
Bumper description	compression (%)	force (%)
Black cervical front and rear (ARA-220)	0.19	−2.53
Yellow cervical rear (ARA-227)	0.98	−4.35
Black thoracic front (ARA-381-37)	9.78	8.12
Yellow thoracic rear (ARA-381-30)	0.85	14.26
Black lumbar front (ARA-521)	3.71	2.97
Black lumbar rear (ARA-520)	−0.66	28.77