Multi-agent traffic simulations to estimate the impact of automated technologies on safety

Figures & data

Table 1. Experimental design including increasing levels of technology penetration.

	Simulated scenarios
Driving mode/technology	1	2	3	4	5
Manual	100	50	25	25	—
AEB	—	50	25	—	—
AEB + LDW	—	—	50	50	25
HAD	—	—	—	25	75

Table 2. Summary of simulation results including number of crashes, crash rates, and relative crash rates for each level of technology penetration level simulated.

No.	Total			Manual	AEB	AEB + LDW	HAD
	No. of crashes (N)	Crash rate (N/km)	Relative crash rate (%)	Relative crash rate (%)
1	859	0.011	100	100
2	622	0.008	70	101	41
3	463	0.006	56	113	46	36
4	430	0.005	46	116		30	14
5	156	0.002	16			29	12

Figure 1. Comparison of relative crash rates by AD penetration level.

Figure 2. Comparison of relative crash rates and component rates.

Figure 3. Average and relative crash speeds in rear-end V2V crashes for all scenarios simulated (1–5).

Figure 4. Estimated number of fatalities for all scenarios simulated (1–5).