Implications of the positive risk balance on the development of automated driving

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overall safety framework for ADAS and AD systems.

Figure 2. Overview about the PoRiBa process at different development stages (Kauffmann et al. 2022).

Table 1. Accident statistics and miles driven on German motorways from 2015 to 2019 and the resulting safety performance of human drivers per year (Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen 2014; Destatis 2021).

Year	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Passenger car miles driving (10^9 km) on motorways	169.5	173.7	175.8	177.9	179.9
Number of collisions involving passenger cars on German motorways per year
With serious injuries	3,495	3,753	3,627	3,573	3,457
With slight injuries	14,342	15,258	14,973	14,518	14,308
Average distance between 2 collisions with passenger cars on German motorways (per million kilometers)
With serious injuries	48.5	46.3	48.5	50.2	52.0
With slight injuries	11.8	11.4	11.7	12.3	12.6

Kauffmann N, Fahrenkrog F, Drees L, Raisch F. 2022. Positive risk balance: a comprehensive framework to ensure vehicle safety. Ethics Inf Technol. 24(1), Article 15. 10.1007/s10676-022-09625-2.

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