Traumatic spinal injury patterns of on vs. off-road motorcycle crashes

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of patients that were selected based on exclusion criteria and then separated into respective cohorts based on ICD codes. These patients were then analyzed for spinal injuries. (ICD: International Classification of Diseases).

Table 1. Demographics.

Cohort	Off-road	On-road	p-Value
Average Age (yrs)	34.746	42.66	0.00015
Sex (male/female)	66/1	482/38	0.056

Age and sex demographics of patients in the off-road and on-road motorcycle cohorts with their corresponding p-value.

Table 2. SINS classification grouped vertebrae off-road and on-road motorcycles.

Segment	Off-road cohort	On-road cohort	p-Value
C1-2	2.0%	3.6%	0.272
C3-6	7.1%	10.9%	0.123
C7-T2	11.2%	14.6%	0.234
T3-10	35.5%	30.0%	0.186
T11-L1	18.8%	15.6%	0.29
L2-4	22.8%	21.4%	0.672
L5-S1	2.5%	4.1%	0.302
Junctional	34.5%	37.8%	0.479
Mobile	29.9%	32.2%	0.593
Semirigid	35.5%	30.0%	0.184

Percentage of injuries that occurred in each grouped vertebrae from the SINS Classification of the off and on-road motorcycle cohort. C1-2, C7-T, T11-L1, and L5-S1 represent the junctional spine. C3-6 and L2-4 represent the mobile spine. T3-10 represents the semirigid spine. (C: Cervical, T: Thoracic, L: Lumbar).

Figure 2. (a) Off-road motorcycle injury by individual vertebrae. (b) On-road motorcycle injury by individual vertebrae. Number of injuries that occurred on each vertebral level in the off-road motorcycle cohort. (C: Cervical, T: Thoracic, L: Lumbar).

Figure 3. (a) Off-road motorcycle injury by vertebral segment. (b) On-road motorcycle injury by vertebral segment. Percentage of injuries that occurred in each vertebral segment as well as combined vertebral segments in the off-road motorcycle cohort. (C: Cervical, T: Thoracic, L: Lumbar).

Table 3. AO classification injury mechanism off-road and on-road motorcycles.

Mechanism	Off-road cohort	On-Road cohort	p-Value
Compression	46.2%	32.9%	0.0027
Distraction	6.6%	4.8%	0.289
Translation	3.0%	0.6%	0.0007
C1 Ring and C1-2 Joint	1.5%	1.6%	0.967
Insignificant	42.6%	60.1%	0.0024

Percentage of injuries that occurred in each mechanism group from the AO Spine Injury Classification of the off and on-road motorcycle cohort. Refer to Table A1 (see online supplement) for the specific injury morphologies that belong to the different mechanisms. (C: Cervical).

Data availability statement

The authors confirm the data supporting the findings of this study are within the article and its supplementary materials.