Understanding nonuse of mandatory e-scooter helmets

Figures & data

Figure 1. Pictures of helmet provision on shared e-scooters in Canberra, Australia.

Table 1. Helmet nonuse in the last 30 days as a function of knowledge and support for the law.

	Knowledge of law
	Mandatory	Not mandatory or only mandatory for children	Total
Level of support for law
	Helmet use/ helmet nonuse	Helmet use/ helmet nonuse
Opposed or strongly opposed	27/36 (75%)	14/17 (83%)	41/53 (78%)
Neutral, support or strongly support	50/276 (18%)	16/26 (62%)	66/302 (22%)
Total	77/312 (25%)	30/43 (70%)

Table 2. Logistic regression results for self-reported helmet nonuse at least once when riding an e-scooter in the last 30 days.

Variables	β	Odds ratio	95% CI
Constant	0.862	2.369
Age group
18–34^a
35–44	−0.699	0.497	0.172–1.434
45 and over	−0.471	0.624	0.266–1.468
Gender
Male^a
Female	0.315	1.370	0.564–3.327
Ownership status
Private^a
Shared	0.443	1.557	0.612–3.965
Trip duration
Less than 5 min^a
5–10 min	−1.019	0.361	0.103–1.269
10–20 min	−1.034	0.355	0.092–1.380
Greater than 20 min	−1.134	0.322	0.076–1.354
Frequency of e-scooter riding
Several times a day^a
Several times a week	−0.637	0.529	0.152–1.836
One to a few times a month	−0.804	0.448	0.167–1.202
Less often or not anymore	−0.734	0.480	0.153–1.501
Frequency of bicycle riding
Never^a
One to a few days a year	0.058	1.060	0.377–2.978
One to a few days a month	0.685	1.983	0.747–5.263
At least once a week	−0.241	0.786	0.254–2.430
Risky riding score	0.640	1.896	1.528–2.352
Perceived risk
Very unsafe or unsafe^a
Neutral	0.077	1.080	0.316–3.690
Safe	−0.420	0.657	0.203–2.128
Very safe	−0.244	0.784	0.215–2.856
Knowledge of the law
Mandatory for all^a
Mandatory for children under 12 or not mandatory but highly recommended	1.299	3.664	1.279–10.492
Support for the law
Strongly oppose or oppose^a
Neutral	−1.816	0.163	0.046–0.572
Support	−2.636	0.072	0.020–0.252
Strongly support	−2.976	0.051	0.015–0.168
Full model vs null model: χ^2(21) = 167.529, p<.001; Nagelkerke R^2 = .591.

^a Reference level.

Data availability statement

Access to the data can be requested from the corresponding author and will be subject to agreement by the funder and conditions of the ethical approval for this project.