Mechanics based lateral stability design for a railway Electric Multiple Unit

Figures & data

Figure 1. Bogie design: (a) motor vehicle (Base EMUs); (b) trailer vehicle.

Figure 2. Coupler design for: (a) slack coupler (motor vehicle); (b) slackless coupler (trailer vehicle).

Figure 3. The mechanics-based models: (a) vehicles; (b) equivalent conicity; (c) wheel-rail contact.

Figure 4. Displacement and impedance force of the buffer.

Table 1. Key simulation parameters (Base EMUs).

Parameter	Value	Parameter	Value
Mass of carbody	43400 kg	Stiffness of primary suspension along X axis	12.45 MN/m
Mass of frame	3777.8 kg	Stiffness of primary suspension along Y axis	3.45 MN/m
Wheel base	2.8 m	Stiffness of secondary suspension along X axis	373 kN/m
Bogie base	10.195 m	Stiffness of secondary suspension along Y axis	121 kN/m
Yaw inertia of frame	13488 kg · m^2	Vertical distance of secondary suspension	1.432 m
Yaw inertia of carbody	114000 kg · m^2	Lateral distance of primary suspension	2.12 m
Roll inertia of carbody	74100 kg · m^2	Lateral distance of secondary suspension	2.12 m
Wheel diameter	1.05 m	Vertical distance of carbody mass center	1.75 m

Figure 5. The train models: (a) Pull train model; (b) push train model.

Figure 6. Ride index of Base EMUs wheel pulling trains.

Figure 7. Ride index of Base EMUs wheel pushing trains.

Figure 8. Vibration frequency of Base EMUs.

Figure 9. Frequency of carbody.

Table 2. Bogie-related eigen frequencies (equivalent conicity of 0.1).

Vibration	Motor vehicle	Parameter	120km/h	140km/h	160km/h	200km/h
Bogie hunting	BASE EMUS	Frequency/Hz	1.27	1.31	1.39	1.47
		Damping/%	0.20	0.21	0.22	0.26
	EMUs	Frequency/Hz	1.27	1.35	1.40	1.49
		Damping/%	0.21	0.21	0.23	0.26

Table 3. Vibration frequency.

Parameter	Value/Unit	Parameter	Value/Unit
Lateral sway of frame	9.7 Hz	Yaw of carbody	0.54 Hz
Yaw of frame	12.5 Hz	Lateral sway of carbody	0.52 Hz(lower)/0.75 Hz(upper)

Figure 10. Lateral ride index (EMUs).

Figure 11. Lateral ride index (EMU and Base EMU).

Figure 12. Lateral acceleration spectrum in Germany low irregularity.

Figure 13. Lateral displacement in Germany low irregularity: (a) Lateral displacement; (b) lateral displacement spectrum.

Figure 14. Effect of yaw damper on the lateral displacement spectrum.