Oxidized Alpha-1-Antitrypsin as a Potential Biomarker Associated with Onset and Severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adult Population

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of investigated control group, all patients with COPD and patients divided into two groups according to COPD severity.

Characteristic	Control (n = 46)	COPD patients
		All (n = 65)	GOLD 2 (n = 18)	GOLD 3 and 4 (n = 47)
Age, years	56 ± 5*	64 ± 9	65 ± 7	63 ± 10
Males, n (%)	41 (89)	42 (65)	11 (61)	31 (66)
Smokers, n (%)	17 (37)	33 (51)	7 (39)	26 (55)
A1AT, g/L	1.5 ± 0.34*	1.7 ± 0.40	1.6 ± 0.35	1.8 ± 0.41
FEV1%	–	39 ± 22	68 ± 14**	28 ± 13
FVC%	–	62 ± 25	89 ± 16**	51 ± 19
FEV1/FVC	–	48 ± 11	56 ± 9**	45 ± 11

Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

* Difference from COPD patient group (p < 0.05).

**Differences from patients with COPD stage GOLD 3 and 4 (p < 0.001).

Figure 1 Smoking-related mean values (95% confidence interval) obtained in control group (29 no-smokers and 17 smokers) and patients with COPD (32 no-smokers and 33 smokers) for: (a) SIA-Trypsin (*significant difference to COPD smokers and COPD no-smokers), (b) SIA-Elastase (#significant difference to COPD smokers), (c) levels of A1AT (& significant difference to COPD smokers), (d) OxyA1AT (Δ significant difference to COPD smokers.

Table 2 Spearman’s correlation analysis between parameters of functional activity of A1AT (SIA-Trypsin and SIA-Elastase) and OxyA1AT.

Group	Correlated parameters
	OxyA1AT and SIA-Trypsin	OxyA1AT and SIA-Elastase
Control-all	–0.247 (0.188)	–0.640 (<0.001)
Control no-smokers	–0.342 (0.179)	–0.671 (<0.001)
Control smokers	–0.077 (0.802)	–0.640 (<0.001)
COPD all	–0.386 (0.024)	–0.919 (<0.001)
COPD no-smokers	–0.442 (0.066)	–0.927 (<0.001)
COPD smokers	–0.284 (0.286)	–0.890 (<0.001)

* Data presented as Spearman's correlation coefficient (p value)

Figure 2. Smoking-related mean values of SIA-Elastase (full line, label for mean values ●) and OxyA1AT (dashed line, label for mean values ▴) in control group (29 no-smokers, 17 smokers) and patients divided into two groups according to COPD severity (11 no-smokers with GOLD 2; 7 smokers with GOLD 2; 21 no-smokers with GOLD 3 + 4; 26 smokers with GOLD 3 + 4); *difference of SIA-Elastase in relations to control no-smokers; **difference of SIA-Elastase in relations to control no-smokers and control smokers; # difference of OxyA1AT in relations to control no-smokers and smokers; smokers with GOLD 2 and no-smokers with GOLD 3 + 4.