Validity and Responsiveness of the Glittre-ADL Test without a Backpack in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow of participants through the study.

Table 1. Characteristics of study participants (n = 40).

Characteristic	All Mean (SD) n = 40	Male Mean (SD) n = 21	Female Mean (SD) n = 19	Male vs Female p-value
Age, years	70 (6)	70 (7)	70 (6)	0.731
BMI, Kg/m^2	23 (5)	24 (4)	22 (5)	0.132
FEV1, % pred	48 (20)	42 (18)	54 (20)	0.046*
FVC, % pred	83 (27)	74 (23)	92 (28)	0.034*
FEV1/FVC	0.46 (0.13)	0.46 (0.14)	0.47 (0.11)	0.559
SGRQ
Total	45 (16)	49 (16)	41 (15)	0.087
Symptoms	53 (21)	54 (20)	53 (23)	0.830
Activity	60 (19)	63 (19)	57 (20)	0.393
Impact	34 (19)	40 (20)	27 (16)	0.031*

Data presented as mean (SD). All: all participants; BMI: body mass index; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV₁/FVC: the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity; FVC: forced vital capacity; kg/m²: kilograms per metre squared; pred: predicted; SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire;

* significant difference between sexes.

Table 2. Relationship between Glittre-ADL tests with and without the backpack and between the Glittre tests and the six-minute walk test.

	Glittre-ADL test time without BP, minutes
	All	Male	Female
Glittre-ADL test time with BP, minutes	rho = 0.869	rho = 0.782	rho = 0.943
	p ≤ 0.001	p ≤ 0.001	p ≤ 0.001
	Six-minute walk test distance, metres
	All	Male	Female
Glittre-ADL test time with BP, minutes	rho = −0.606	rho = −0.466	rho = −0.687
	p ≤ 0.001	p = 0.033	p = 0.001
Glittre-ADL test time without BP, minutes	rho = −0.683	rho = −0.699	rho = −0.676
	p ≤ 0.001	p ≤ 0.001	p = 0.001

Definition of abbreviations: ADL: activity daily life; All: all participants; BP: backpack; Glittre-ADL: Glittre-activities of the daily living test; rho: Spearman correlation coefficient.

Table 3 (a). Glittre-ADL test performed with and without a backpack.

	With BP Mean(SD)	Without BP Mean(SD)	With BP Mean (SD)		Without BP Mean (SD)		Without BP – With BP Mean difference (95% CI)			Male – Female Mean difference (95% CI)
	All	All	Male	Female	Male	Female	All	Male	Female	With BP	Without BP
Glittre-ADL, minutes	4.27 (1.84)	3.90 (1.44)	4.22 (1.44)	4.32 (2.24)	3.79 (1.19)	4.01 (1.70)	−0.37 (−0.59 to −0.15)*	−0.43 (−0.71 to −0.15)*	−0.31 (−0.68 to 0.06)	−0.11 (−1.30 to 1.09)	−0.23 (−1.16 to 0.71)
SpO2, %	92 (6)	91 (7)	92 (6)	92 (5)	91 (8)	92 (6)	−0.95 (−2.27 to 0.37)	−1.19 (−3.54 to 1.16)	−0.67 (−1.85 to 0.52)	−0.24 (−3.85 to 3.38)	−1.15 (−5.78 to 3.48)
HR, bpm	118 (16)	116 (16)	120 (17)	116 (15)	118 (17)	114 (14)	−1.31 (−3.92 to 1.30)	−1.29 (−5.52 to 2.96)	−1.33 (−4.61 to 1.94)	4.04 (−6.26 to 14.33)	4.16 (−5.98 to 14.29)

Definition of abbreviations: ADL: activity daily life; All: all participants; BP: backpack; bpm: beats per minute; HR: heart rate; SpO₂: oxygen saturation;

* significant difference between tests. Values for SpO₂ and HR are from the end test.

Table 3 (b). Glittre-ADL test performed with and without a backpack.

	With BP Median (Q1-Q3)	Without BP Median (IQR)	With BP Median (Q1-Q3)		Without BP Median (Q1-Q3)		Differences between tests p-value			Differences between sexes p-value
	All	All	Male	Female	Male	Female	All	Male	Female	With BP	Without BP
Dyspnoea	4 (3–5)	3 (3–5)	4 (3–5)	3 (3–4)	4 (3–5)	3 (3–4)	0.172	0.067	0.855	0.076	0.319
RPE Legs	4 (3–5)	3 (3–4)	4 (3–5)	3 (0.5–4)	4 (3–5)	3 (0.5–4)	0.200	0.461	0.244	0.554	0.305
RPE Arms	3 (0–4)	3 (0.5–3)	3 (0.5–4)	2 (0–3)	3 (1–3)	3 (0.5–3)	0.406	0.028*	0.389	0.298	0.758

Definition of abbreviations: ADL: activity daily life; All: all participants; BP: backpack; IQR: interquartile range; Q1: quartile 1; Q3: quartile 3; RPE: rate of perceived exertion;

* significant difference between tests. Values for Dyspnoea, RPE Legs, and RPE Arms are from the end test.

Table 4. Characteristics of study participants who performed Glittre-ADL test with and without the backpack before and after pulmonary rehabilitation (n = 20).

Characteristic	Mean (SD)
Sex, M/F	13/7
Age, years	69 (7)
BMI, Kg/m^2	24 (5)
FEV1, % predicted	50 (17)
FVC, % predicted	86 (24)
FEV1/FVC	0.47 (0.14)
SGRQ
Total	46 (14)
Symptoms	55 (26)
Activity	59 (17)
Impact	35 (17)

Data presented as mean (SD). BMI: body mass index; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV₁/FVC: the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity; FVC: forced vital capacity; kg/m²: kilograms per metre squared; pred: predicted; SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.

Table 5. Responsiveness for Glittre-ADL test with and without the backpack after 8 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation (n = 20).

	Baseline Mean (SD)	Week 8 Mean (SD)	Baseline- week 8 Mean difference (95%CI)	Cohen’s d
Glittre-ADL test with BP, minutes	3.71 (0.88)	3.19 (0.60)	−0.52 (−0.81 to −0.22)*	0.82
Glittre-ADL test without BP, minutes	3.49 (0.67)	3.08 (0.54)	−0.41 (−0.63 to −0.18)*	0.86
6MWT distance, metres	479 (81)	549 (68)	49 (28 to 70)*	1.10

Definition of abbreviations: ADL: activity daily life; BP: backpack; 6MWT: six-minute walk test.

* significant difference between tests.