The Effects of Endobronchial Coil Therapy on Right Ventricular Functions

Figures & data

Figure 1. An example of a PA chest X-ray images of a patient who underwent bilateral EBCT procedure.

Figure 2. Flow diagram of study participants.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study patients.

Age, years	67 ± 6
Sex, male	23 (100%)
Smoking, pack years	59 ± 25
Hypertension	5 (22%)
Diabetes mellitus	3 (13%)
LTOT	16 (70%)
GOLD Stage
3	12 (52%)
4	11 (48%)
Emphysema distribution
Homogeneous	3 (%13)
Heterogeneous	20 (%87)
Body plethysmography findings*
RV, %	364 ± 189
TLC, %	170 ± 69
RV / TLC	0.77 ± 0.08
Coronary artery disease history
PCI	2 (9%)
CABG	1 (4%)
Medications
ASA	2 (9%)
Clopidogrel	2 (9%)
ACEI or ARB	4 (17%)
Calcium Channel Blockers	3 (13%)
Statin	1 (4%)
LAMA	23 (100%)
LABA	23 (100%)
IKS	23 (100%)
Echocardiographic Parameters
LVEF	57.2 ± 4.1
Transmitral E velocity	50.43 ± 11.76
Transmitral A velocity	65.35 ± 15.5
e' Septal	7.63 ± 2.62
e' Lateral	9.8 ± 3.08
E/e' ratio	6.31 ± 2.29

LTOT: Long-term oxygenation therapy, GOLD Stage: The Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage for COPD, RV: Residual volume, TLC: Total lung capacity, PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention history, CABG: Coronary artery by-pass graft operation history, ASA: Acetylsalicylic acid, ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blockers, LVEF: Left ventricle ejection fraction. Continuous variables were showed as mean ± standard deviation. *The data was available for 20 patients.

Table 2. Pre-EBCT and post-EBCT clinical and echocardiographic values. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or median (minimum – maximum). Pre-EBCT and post-EBCT clinical and echocardiographic values. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or median (minimum – maximum) according to distribution of normality.

n = 23	Pre – EBCT	Post – EBCT	p-value
Pulmonary Function Tests
FEV1, value (liter)	0.81 (0.51 − 1.43)	0.95 (0.46 − 1.67)	.02*
FEV1, %	30 (15 − 52.8)	35 (17.8 − 64)	.001*
FVC, value (liter)	2.13(1.24 − 2.79)	2.27 (1.49 − 4.69)	.03*
FVC, %	52.6 (34.9 − 83)	63 (43.4 − 112)	.004*
Echocardiographic Findings
Echocardiography performing time, days		40 (30 − 55)
TAS, cm/s	11.6 (9 − 15)	13.2 (9.80 − 17.0)	.001*
TAPSE, mm	21.18 ± 3.91	21.11 ± 3.58	.873
RA Area, cm^2	17.3 ± 3.73	15.26 ± 3.4	.000
Inspiratory collapse of IVC, %	43.27 ± 14.18	41.08 ± 11.26	.287
RVOT ET, ms	258.48 ± 29.16	256.65 ± 36.62	.675
IVRT + IVCT, ms	120 (77 − 236)	97 (60 − 162)	.000*
E Velocity, cm/s	43 ± 10.88	46.61 ± 9.95	.013
A Velocity, cm/s	47 (32 − 78)	47 (33 − 75)	.807*
Tricuspid Annulus Diameter, mm	32.95 ± 3.54	32.64 ± 3.54	.651
TRV, cm/s	2.52 ± 0.6	2.38 ± 0.6	.020
PASP, mm Hg	41.15 ± 5.94	36.83 ± 8.01	.019
MPI	0.48 ± 0.11	0.39 ± 0.11	.000

*Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for data that were not normal distributed.

FEV1: Forced expiratory volume during one second FVC: Forced vital capacity, TAS: Doppler–derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity, TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RA: Right atrium, IVC: Inferior vena cava, RVOT ET: Right ventricle outflow tract ejection time, IVRT: Isovolumetric relaxation time, IVCT: Isovolumetric contraction time, TRV: Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity, cm/s, PASP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, MPI: Right ventricle myocardial performance index..

Figure 3. Post-procedural changes in echocardiographic parameters.