Figures & data
Figure 1. Depiction of the randomized controlled trial design used in the IMPACT and ETHOS trials of triple therapy effectiveness versus dual therapies in patients with COPD, based on a non-adaptive selection of patients who could all be randomized to any of the three arms.
Figure 2. Depiction of adaptive selection designs for trials of triple therapy effectiveness versus dual therapies in patients with COPD: (a) Adaptive selection design to assess one-step escalation, with randomization choice and selection of patients adapted to the treatment patients are entering the study on (LAMA-LABA or LABA-ICS). (b) Adaptive selection design to assess two-step escalation, with randomization choice and selection of patients adapted to the treatment patients are entering the study on (LAMA or LABA).
Figure 3. Depiction of adaptive selection designs for trials of ICS withdrawal in patients with COPD: (a) Adaptive selection design to assess de-escalation from triple therapy to LAMA-LABA or from LABA-ICS to LABA. (b) Adaptive selection design to assess a variation of de-escalation from LABA-ICS to either a LAMA or a LAMA-LABA.
