Relationship between Depression and Anxiety, Health Status and Lung Function in Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Figures & data

Table 1. Data is shown for the PiZZ/PiZnull AATD cohort at baseline and subsequent annual decline in spirometry and HS for those with and without a clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety.

Patient characteristics	Depression/Anxiety	No depression/Anxiety	p
	N = 104	N = 531
Sex
Male	53 (14%)	315 (86%)
Female	51 (19%)	216 (81%)	0.13
Smoking status
Ever smoked	86 (83%)	373 (70%)	<0.01
Never smoked	18 (17%)	158 (30%)
Age	51 (42–58)	51 (44–59)	0.24
FEV1% predicted	43 (34–74)	56 (40–84)	0.01
TLCO% predicted	63 (47–74)	69 (53–85)	<0.01
KCO% predicted	61 (50–76)	66 (53–82)	0.02
SGRQ Total score	57 (34–70)	43 (28–58)	<0.001
CCI total score	2.00 (1.00–3.75)	2.00 (1.00–3.00)	0.49
Modified MRC score	2.00 (1.00–3.00)	2.00 (1.00–3.00)	<0.001
Change in FEV1% predicted	−1.53 (2.26 )	–.99 (1.79)	0.03
Change in total SGRQ	0.14 (3.69)	0.46 (2.85)	0.33

Notes: The table shows data as n (%), median (IQR) or mean (standard deviation).

Abbreviations: FEV₁, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s; TLCO, Transfer Factor of the Lungs for carbon monoxide; KCO, Transfer Coefficient for carbon monoxide; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; IQR, Interquartile ranges; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; MRC, Medical Research Council.

Table 2. Data is shown for the PiSZ AATD cohort at baseline and subsequent annual decline in spirometry and HS for those with and without a clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety.

Patient characteristics	Depression/Anxiety	No depression/Anxiety	p
	N = 18	N = 93
Sex
Male	10 (20%)	40 (80%)	0.44
Female	8 (13%)	53 (87%)
Smoking status
Ever smoked	10 (55%)	76 (82%)	0.03
Never smoked	8 (44%)	17 (18%)
Age	65 (51–72)	62 (50–72)	0.98
FEV1% predicted	73 (48–102)	101 (74–116)	0.04
TLCO% predicted	77 (56–97)	89 (72–104)	0.18
KCO% predicted	86 (62–99)	91 (76–101)	0.16
SGRQ Total score	54 (23–67)	21 (8–53)	0.01
CCI total score	2.50 (1.00–3.25)	2.00 (.00–3.00)	0.30
Modified MRC score	1.00 (1.00–3.00)	1.00 (.00–2.75)	0.10
Change in FEV1% predicted	–1.49 (2.13)	–0.65 (2.19)	0.32
Change in total SGRQ	–0.20 (2.33)	0.43 (1.80)	0.54

Notes: The table shows data as n (%), median (IQR) and mean (standard deviation).

Abbreviations: FEV₁, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s; TLCO, Transfer Factor of the Lungs for carbon monoxide; KCO, Transfer Coefficient for carbon monoxide; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; IQR, Interquartile ranges; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; MRC, Medical Research Council.

Figure 1. The distribution of mMRC scores in the PiZZ/PiZnull cohort in those with and without depression and/or anxiety.

Notes: The bar chart demonstrates the proportion of mMRC scores in both groups with a higher percentage of mMRC score of 1 in those with no depression or anxiety and a higher percentage of mMRC score of 3 in those with depression and/or anxiety.

Abbreviations: mMRC score, modified Medical Research Council score.

Figure 2. The distribution of mMRC scores in the PiSZ cohort in those with and without depression and/or anxiety.

Notes: The bar chart shows the proportion of mMRC scores in both groups with a higher percentage of mMRC score of 0 in those with no depression or anxiety and a higher percentage of mMRC score of 1 in those with depression and/or anxiety.

Abbreviations: mMRC score, modified Medical Research Council score.

Figure 3. Lung function and rate of decline in AATD subjects (PiZZ/PiZnull cohort) in those with or without depression and/or anxiety.

Notes: Figure 3A demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying normal or abnormal FEV₁. Figure 3B demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying rapid or non-rapid decline in FEV₁. Figure 3C demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying normal or abnormal Kco. Figure 3D demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression/anxiety) displaying rapid or non-rapid decline in Kco.

Abbreviations: FEV₁, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second; Kco, Transfer Coefficient for carbon monoxide; PRED, Predicted.

Figure 4. Lung function and rate of decline in AATD subjects (PiSZ cohort) in those with or without depression and/or anxiety.

Notes: Figure 4A demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying normal or abnormal FEV₁. Figure 4B demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying rapid or non-rapid decline in FEV₁. Figure 4C demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying normal or abnormal Kco. Figure 4D demonstrates the number of subjects (in those with or without depression and/or anxiety) displaying rapid or non-rapid decline in Kco.

Abbreviations: FEV₁, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second; Kco, Transfer Coefficient for carbon monoxide; PRED, Predicted.

Figure 5. Different severity stages of COPD and no COPD in those with or without depression and/or anxiety PiZZ/PiZnull cohort.

Notes: The bar chart demonstrates the number of those with or without COPD and those with different severity stages of COPD as defined by GOLD in those with or without depression and/or anxiety.

Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD, Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

Figure 6. Different severity stages of COPD in those with or without depression and/or anxiety PiZZ/PiZnull cohort.

Notes: The bar chart demonstrates the number of those with or without COPD and those with different severity stages of COPD as defined by GOLD in those with or without depression and/or anxiety.

Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GOLD, Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

Data availability statement

Data from this study will not be publicly available due to the terms of the patient consent to participation.