Health-Related Quality of Life and Daily Physical Activity Level in Patients with COPD- a Cluster Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics COPD and the three identified phenotypes on the cluster analyses.

Feature	Overall N = 76	Cluster A N = 31	Cluster B N = 19	Cluster C N = 26	p
Female sex *	32 (42)	9 (29)	7 (36.8)	16 (61.5)	0.04
Age, years $	67 ± 8	70.6 ± 7.7	64.1 ± 7.6	65.3 ± 8.2	0.01
Continuous Oxygen Therapy	9 (11.8)	8 (25.8)	1 (5.3)	0 (0)
Actual Smoking	19 (25)	8 (25.8)	4 (21.1)	7 (26.9)	0.8
Previous Pulmonary Rehabilitation	8 (10.7)	3 (9.7)	1 (5.3)	4 (15.4)	0.6
BMI, kg/m2	24.5 ± 4.7	23.9 ± 5.5	25.2 ± 3.8	24.5 ± 4.5	0.5
Charlson Index	1 [1, 2]	1 [1, 2]	1 [1, 1]	1 [1, 1.8]	0.3
BODE Index *$	3 [2, 5]	5 [3.5, 6]	3 [2, 3.5]	3 [2, 4]	0.001
mMRC *$	2 [2, 3]	3 [2, 3]	2 [2, 2]	2 [2, 3]	0.01
Pulmonary Function
FEV1 (%)	45 [35, 54]	45 [32.5, 51.5]	50 [42.4, 61]	44.4 [38, 54.2]	0.07
FEV1 /FVC	53 [42, 61]	49 [41.5, 58.9]	55 [49.6, 64]	54 [42.7, 61.9]	0.4
St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (% of total score)
Overall score *$&	51 ± 19	53.9 ± 16.2	66.7 ± 13.2	35.8 ± 14.6	< 0.001
Symptoms $&	57.9 ± 22.7	60.5 ± 21.7	70.6 ± 17	45.6 ± 21.9	0.001
Activity $&	62.3 ± 25.1	68.9 ± 24.9	72.1 ± 20.2	47.2 ± 22.2	< 0.001
Impact $&	39.9 ± 19.2	43.3 ± 17.4	51.1 ± 19.4	27.6 ± 14.1	<0.001
6MWT, meters *$	361.3 ± 82.6	323.7 ± 65.5	403.5 ± 64.5	375.4 ± 89.4	0.001
Physical activity characteristics
Sitting (min/day) *$&	1047.4 ± 148.6	1178.7 ± 91.6	933.3 ± 104.7	974.2 ± 107.1	<0.001
Standing (min/day) *$	289 [201, 363]	183.7 [135.6, 236.1]	368.6 [308.2, 414.2]	328.5 [292.1, 433.1]	<0.001
Walking (min/day) *$&	80 [48.4, 122]	40 [28.7, 68]	133.6 [111.7, 225.5]	99.2 [77.4, 120.9]	<0.001
Step numbers *$&	5951 [3740, 8238]	3066 [2075, 4995.5]	10236 [7875.5, 12725]	6880 [5651.5, 8049.5]	<0.001
METS ≤ 1.5(min/day) *$	1164[1020, 1332]	1380 [1272, 1428]	984 [864, 1098]	1062 [984, 1185]	<0.001
METS 1.5–3(min/day) *$	276 [108, 420]	60 [12, 168]	456 [336, 576]	378 [252, 453]	<0.001

* when p ≤ 0.05 compared phenotype A to C; & when p ≤ 0.05 compared C to B; $ when p ≤ 0.05 compared A to B.

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range] for continuous variables, and counts and percentages for categorical variables.

BMI: body mass index; BODE: body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity; mMRC: modified medical research council; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in the first second_; FVC: forced vital capacity; 6MWT: six minute walk test; METS: Metabolic Equivalent of Task.

Figure 1. Comparison of step numbers, sitting time, six minute walk test and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire in three identified phenotypes on the cluster analyses.

*when p ≤ 0.05 compared phenotype A to C; ^& when p ≤ 0.05 compared C to B; ^$when p ≤ 0.05 compared A to B.

Data availability statement

Data availability on university database.